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Il '''volo Aeroflot-Nord 821''' era un collegamente aereo tra [[Mosca (Russia)|Mosca]] e la città di [[Perm']] operato da [[Aeroflot-Nord]] e [[Aeroflot]]. Il giorno 14 settembre [[2008]] alle ore 5:10 ([[UTC]]+06) si schiantò vicino all'[[aeroporto di Perm']] uccidendo tutti gli 82 passeggeri e 6 membri dell'equipaggio. Ad oggi è il peggiore incidente che ha coinvolto un [[Boeing 737-500]], superando l'incidente del [[volo Asiana Airlines 733]] del 1993.

La causa principale è da attribuirsi alla perdita di orientamento di entrambi i piloti provocata dalla loro inesperienza con l'[[orizzonte artificiale]] di fabbricazione Occidentale. Ulteriori concause sono state la mancanza di un adeguato riposo, la scarsa conoscenza delle tecniche di [[Crew Resource Managemnt]] e l'assunzione di alcool da parte del capitano. Come conseguenza del disastro aereo la compagnia Aeroflot-Nord è stata rinominata in Nordavia.

La causa principale è da attribuirsi alla perdita di orientamento di entrambi i piloti provocata dalla loro inesperienza con l'[[orizzonte artificiale]] di fabbricazione Occidentale. Ulteriori concause sono state la mancanza di un adeguato riposo, la scarsa conoscenza delle tecniche di [[Crewcrew Resourceresource Managemntmanagement]] e l'assunzione di alcool da parte del capitano. Come conseguenza del disastro aereo la compagnia Aeroflot-Nord è stata rinominata in Nordavia.

== Il disastro ==

Il [[Boeing 737-500]], codice di registrazione VP-BKO, era un aeromobile appartenente ad Aeroflot-Nord, sussidiaria di Aeroflot, e stava effettuando il volo Aeroflot SU821 <ref>{{cita news|url=http://www.aeroflot.ru/eng/about.aspx?ob_no=549&d_no=11497|titolo=A Boeing-737 belonging to Aeroflot-Nord crashed today at the airport of Perm |data=14 September 2008 |pubblicazione=[[Aeroflot]] |accesso=14 September 2008|urlarchivourlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918013950/http://www.aeroflot.ru/eng/about.aspx?ob_no=549&d_no=11497|dataarchivodataarchivio=18 September 2008 |urlmorto=si|lingua=en}}</ref> dall'[[Aeroporto di Mosca-Šeremet'evo]] a [[Perm']] (Russia) quando si schiantò contro una linea ferroviaria a sudovest di Perm alle ore 5:10 del 13 settembre 2018<ref>Final report, synopsis (page 8).</ref><ref name=bbc0914>

{{cita news

|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7614951.stm

Riga 74 ⟶ 72:

|accesso=14 settembre 2008

|lingua=ru

| urlarchivio= https://web.archive.org/web/20080914234641/http://www.gazeta.ru/news/lenta/2008/09/14/n_1270144.shtml| dataarchivio 14 settembre 2008 | urlmorto= no}}</ref> Al momento dell'incidente c'era una leggera pioggia.<ref>

{{cita web

|url=http://avherald.com/h?article=40cba259

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}}</ref>

Un'intervista rilasciata da un [[controllore del traffico aereo]] riporta che l'equipaggio non seguisse le indicazioni; infatti dopo aver effettuato un [[go around]], nonostante i piloti avessero ripetuto le istruzioni ricevute e non avessero dichiarato nessuna emergenza a bordo, l'aereo si è diretto ad est invece che ad ovest.

According to an interview given by the air traffic controller shortly after the disaster, the crew did not respond correctly to ATC commands: after going around, it turned eastward instead of turning westward. However, the crew reported no emergency onboard and confirmed all commands given by ATC.<ref name="ATC">

<ref name="ATC">

{{citecita web

|url=http://www.gazeta.ru/news/lenta/2008/09/14/n_1270291.shtml

|titletitolo=Диспетчер: экипаж Boeing вел себя неадекватно – Газета.Ru: Хроника дня

|publisherpubblicazione=Gazeta.ru

|accessdateaccesso=15 September 2008

|lingua=ru

|language=Russian

| archiveurlurlarchivio= https://web.archive.org/web/20080916102110/http://www.gazeta.ru/news/lenta/2008/09/14/n_1270291.shtml| archivedatedataarchivio= 16 September 2008 | deadurlurlmorto= no}}</ref> AtIl 5:10 AM,contatto radio contactvenne withperso thealle plane5:10 wase lost;pochi minutesminuti laterdopo itl'aereo crashedsi inschiantò thenella outskirtsvicinanze ofdi Perm.

Aeroflot-Nord officiallyha stateddichiarato thatche: "TheIl Boeing- 737 carriedtrasportava 82 passengerspasseggeri, on board — includingcompresi 7 childrenbambini, — ande 6 crewmembri dell'equipaggio... AllTutti passengersi werepasseggeri killed.sono Asrimasti theuccisi. planeLe wascomunicazioni cominge inil forcontatto landing,radar itcon lostl'aereo communicationsi atsono theinterrotte heightall'altezza ofdi {{convert|1100|m|ft}}1100m, andmentre airera controllersin lostfase itsdi blipatterraggio. <ref name="Tor">{{citecita news |titletitolo=88 die in Russian jet crash |page=26 |agencyeditore=[[Associated Press]] |workpubblicazione=[[Toronto Star]] |datedata=15 Septembersettembre 2008}}</ref> The airplane was found within PermL'saeromobile cityè limitsstato completelyritrovato destroyedcompletamente anddistrutto one fire."in Investigatorfiamme Vladimirentro Markini saidconfini thatdella "therecittà were 82 passengers plus a baby and 5 crew on board, and by preliminary information, they are all dead as the airplane fell into a [[ravine]] near the city limits." [[RIA Novosti]] however reported that "it was possible that 3 people who bought a ticket for the ill-fated flight 821 todi Perm did not get on board."

E' stato riferito che entrambi i motori abbiano preso fuoco ad un altitudine di 1000m. Alcuni testimoni oculari hanno riferito che l'aereo era in fiamme prima dello schianto, e ha impattato con il suolo con un angolo di 30-40 gradi. <ref name=bbc0914/> Tuttavia, le nuvole basse (a 240m) devono aver permesso di vedere l'aereo soltante per pochi secondi, di conseguenza questa testimonianza non è stata presa in considerazione dall'indagine sull'incidente.

Both [[flight recorder]]s were found and successfully decoded. The airline stated "it pledged to pay compensation on obligatory accident insurance in full, which would make up to 2 million [[rubles]] per victim." The crash damaged and shut down a section of the [[Trans-Siberian Railway]]; rail traffic was temporarily re-routed via [[Chusovoy|Chusovaya]] station, and was restored by the evening of 14 September. The aircraft was [[leased]] by Aeroflot-Nord from Dublin-based Pinewatch Limited from July 2008 to March 2013.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5gJgjC63RTDeMPUx-47gaOd3xnRFg |agency=Agence France-Presse |title=88 including 21 foreigners killed in airplane crash in Russia's Urals |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918153810/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5gJgjC63RTDeMPUx-47gaOd3xnRFg |archivedate=18 September 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://ukpress.google.com/article/ALeqM5h5n82mQKM3elWCDfl_6mM8GnSjpg |publisher=ukpress |title=Plane crash kills all on board |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918212258/http://ukpress.google.com/article/ALeqM5h5n82mQKM3elWCDfl_6mM8GnSjpg |archivedate=18 September 2008 }}</ref><ref>

{{cite news

Il rapporto finale ha dichiarato che "dopo la virata di base, sulla rotta di avvicinamento per l'atteraggio all'altezza di 600m con l'autopilota disinserito, l'aereomobile ha incominciato a salire fino a 1300m, ha rollato di 360° ed ha impattato con il terreno."<ref name="aaib.gov.uk"/>

|url=http://www.reuters.fr/news/articlenews.aspx?type=newsOne&storyID=2008-09-14T055621Z_01_LE463005_RTRUKOC_0_US-RUSSIA-CRASH.xml&WTmodLoc=Home-C2-TopNews-newsOne-1%20reuters.fr/news

|date=14 September 2008

== Storia dell'aereomobile ==

|title=Russian Aeroflot plane crashes, 88 people killed

L'aereo coinvolto nell'incidente era stato in origine acquistato da [[Braathens]], ma non operò mai con questa compagnia e fu rapidamente venduto alla [[China Southwest Airlines]], la cui sussidiaria [[Xiamen Airlines]] operò da settembre 1992 al marzo 1993

}}</ref>

A seguito della fusione di China Southwest Airlines venne operato da [[Air China]] fino al 2008 quando venne venduto a [[Pinewatch Limited]]. Infine Aeroflot-Nord lo utlizzò in leasing.<ref name="planesregister"/><ref name="Clarify">{{cita news|url=http://www.aeroflot-nord.ru/news/actual/?file=5000171409200829 |titolo=Clarifying information |pubblicazione=Aeroflot-Nord |data=14 settembre 2008 |lingua=ru |urlmorto=si |urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917150650/http://www.aeroflot-nord.ru/news/actual/?file=5000171409200829 |dataarchivio=17 settembre 2008 }}</ref>

== Indagine ==

It was reported that its engines caught fire at an altitude of {{convert|1000|m|ft}}. Eyewitness reports stated that the plane was visibly on fire prior to crashing, and hit the ground at a 30–40-degree angle.<ref name=bbc0914/> However, the low clouds (at 240 m) must have prevented any witnesses from seeing the plane for more than a few seconds and the report was subsequently discounted by the accident enquiry (see below).

[[Image:Пермь. Место падения Боинг-737-500. Общий вид. Август 2011 года.JPG|PanoramaVista ofdel thesito crashdell'incidente sitee anddel the memorialmemoriale.|thumb|300px|upright]]

Entrambi i [[registratori di volo]] sono stati ritrovati e

The final enquiry report stated that "after the base turn, approaching the landing course at 600 m with both autopilot and autothrottle disengaged, the aircraft started climbing up to 1300 m, rolled 360° over the left wing and collided with the ground".<ref name="aaib.gov.uk"/>

==Aircraft history==

The aircraft involved in the crash was originally ordered by [[Braathens]], but never operated by them and was quickly sold shortly after delivery to [[China Southwest Airlines]], whose subsidiary [[Xiamen Airlines]] operated the airframe from September 1992 to March 1993. The 737 was then operated by China Southwest Airlines itself until the airline merged with [[Air China]], who operated the aircraft from March 2003 until it was stored in March 2008 and sold to [[Pinewatch Limited]]. Aeroflot-Nord then leased the aircraft from Pinewatch Limited, and had operated the airframe from 29 May 2008 until its hull loss.<ref name="planesregister" /><ref>[http://www.airfleets.net/ficheapp/plane-b737-25792.htm b737-25792] Airfleets.net.</ref><ref name="Clarify">{{cite pressrelease|url=http://www.aeroflot-nord.ru/news/actual/?file=5000171409200829 |title=[Clarifying information] |publisher=Aeroflot-Nord |date=14 September 2008 |language=Russian |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917150650/http://www.aeroflot-nord.ru/news/actual/?file=5000171409200829 |archivedate=17 September 2008 }}</ref> Pinewatch was incorporated in 1995.<ref>[http://www.ukdata.com/numbers/E0228369.html "Pinewatch Limited"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918110014/http://www.ukdata.com/numbers/E0228369.html |date=18 September 2008 }}</ref>

== Investigation ==

[[Image:Пермь. Место падения Боинг-737-500. Общий вид. Август 2011 года.JPG|Panorama of the crash site and the memorial.|thumb|300px|upright]]

Russia's [[Air Accident Investigation Commission]] of the [[Interstate Aviation Committee]] led the investigation, with US assistance from the [[National Transportation Safety Board]], the [[Federal Aviation Authority]], and [[Boeing]].<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.ntsb.gov/Pressrel/2008/080914.html |title=NTSB assists government of Russia in aviation accident |publisher=US [[National Transportation Safety Board]] |date=14 September 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916010257/http://ntsb.gov/Pressrel/2008/080914.html |archivedate=16 September 2008 }}</ref> As the aircraft was registered in Bermuda, that government was represented by the UK's [[Air Accident Investigation Branch]], with two senior inspectors sent to participate under the Memorandum of Agreement. The AAIB team had representatives from the Bermudian [[Department of Civil Aviation (Bermuda)|Department of Civil Aviation]] as advisors.<ref>"[http://www.aaib.gov.uk/cms_resources.cfm?file=/AAIB%20Press%20Release%20VP-BKO%20160908.pdf AAIB PARTICIPATE IN RUSSIAN AVIATION ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION]." ([http://www.webcitation.org/6E8mHAnP0?url=http://www.aaib.gov.uk/cms_resources.cfm?file%3D/AAIB%20Press%20Release%20VP-BKO%20160908.pdf Archive]) [[Air Accidents Investigation Branch]]. 16 September 2008. Retrieved 2 February 2013.</ref> The engines were made in France, so that state was represented by the ''[[Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la sécurité de l'Aviation Civile]]'' (BEA).<ref name="DCA08RA097">

{{cite web

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*Forensic examination found an unspecified amount of alcohol in the captain's tissue.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.avia.ru/news/?id=1233561507|title=AVIA RU Network: Новости|publisher=|accessdate=23 January 2017}}</ref> He also did not have adequate rest before the flight.{{Citation needed|date = September 2016}}

== LawsuitControversie legali ==

On 1 October 2008, the mother of a 27-year-old female passenger who died in the accident sued [[Aeroflot]] and Moskva Insurance Company for 7.7 million rubles (approximately US$300,000) in [[punitive damages]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?docsid=1034392 |title=[Former Moscow Youth Palace deputy director has her sentence reduced]|date=2 October 2008|publisher=[[Kommersant]]|accessdate=2 October 2008|language=Russian}}</ref>

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| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080918003856/http://www.rian.ru/society/20080915/151274111.html| archivedate= 18 September 2008 | deadurl= no}}</ref>

== CrewEquipaggio ==

According to early claims of [[Aeroflot-Nord]] representatives, the crew was described as very experienced and one of the best in the company. Captain Rodion Medvedev had a flight record of 3689 hours while First Officer Rustam Allaberdin had 8713. Later it was revealed that Medvedev's flight record as a captain was 452 hours and that Allaberdin's experience of Boeing 737's piloting was just 219 hours. For the most part of their careers Medvedev and Allaberdin were piloting [[Tu-134]] and [[An-24]] respectively.

[[Gennady Kurzenkov]], head of the State Aviation Inspection Service, stated that the flight crew submitted falsified documents to the airline showing that they had passed preflight courses.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081121180954/http://www.moscowtimes.ru/article/1010/42/372073.htm Perm Crash Pilots Used Fake Papers] ''Moscow Times'' 31 October 2008 (archived 21 November 2008).</ref><ref>"[http://www.novayagazeta.ru/data/2008/71/10.html Все нормально в экипаже? – Первым заподозрил неладное диспетчер аэропорта Большое Савино]" ''Novaya Gazeta'' (in Russian).</ref><ref>[http://www.aero-news.net/index.cfm?ContentBlockID=5e2b3ade-a1df-4414-84c7-3c5803363b75& Aeroflot Nord pilots reported to have used false papers] ''Aero News Net'' 3 November 2008.</ref>

==Casualties Vittime ==

{|class="wikitable"

|-style="background:#ccccff;"

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* [[Gennady Troshev]], [[Colonel General]] in the [[Military of Russia|Russian military]], formerly the commander of the [[North Caucasus Military District]] (including [[Chechnya]]) during the [[Second Chechen War]] and adviser to the [[President of Russia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20080914/ts_nm/russia_crash_dc |title=Russian plane crash kills 88, faulty engine blamed – Yahoo!! News |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=14 September 2008 |accessdate=15 September 2008}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>

==See alsoVoci correlate ==

*[[Volo Flash Airlines Flight 604]]

{{Portal|Russia|Aviation|Disasters|2000s}}

*[[Crossair Flight 498]]

*[[Flash Airlines Flight 604]]

== Altri Progetti ==

==References==

{{interprogetto}}

{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== Note ==

<references/>

==Further reading==

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* Krainova, Natalya. "[http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/jet-flight-recorders-damaged-in-crash/370958.html Jet Flight Recorders Damaged in Crash]." ''[[The Moscow Times]]''. 16 September 2008. Issue 3989.

== Collegameni Esterni ==

==External links==

{{commons category|Aeroflot Flight 821}}

*[http://www.aaib.gov.uk/cms_resources.cfm?file=/VP-BKO_Report_en.pdf Final accident report] – [[Interstate Aviation Committee]] – Unofficial English translation – Hosted by the [[Air Accidents Investigation Branch]] (AAIB) ([http://www.webcitation.org/5zb7mKIWe?url=http://www.aaib.gov.uk/cms_resources.cfm?file%3D/VP-BKO_Report_en.pdf Archive])

*[http://www.mak.ru/russian/investigations/2008/boeing-737-500.html Investigation] ([http://www.webcitation.org/5zlXc4Vd0?url=http://www.mak.ru/russian/investigations/2008/boeing-737-500.html Archive]) – Interstate Aviation Committee {{ru icon}}

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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080918155428/http://www.aeroflot.ru/eng/about.aspx?ob_no=549&d_no=11538 Aeroflot page listing passengers of the flight]

*{{ru icon}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20080917150634/http://www.aeroflot-nord.ru/news/actual/?file=3431101409200862 АЭРОФЛОТ-НОРД ПРИНОСИТ ГЛУБОКИЕ СОБОЛЕЗНОВАНИЯ РОДСТВЕННИКАМ ПОГИБШИХ]." Aeroflot Nord. 14 September 2008. – Aeroflot Nord press release about the accident

{{portale|Aviazione|Disastri|Russia}}