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Using gene transfer of SV40 large T-antigen in neuronal precursor cells of rats, a brain tumor model was established. The PNETs were histologically indistinguishable from the human counterparts and have been used to identify new genes involved in human brain tumor carcinogenesis.<ref name="pmid8129041">{{cite journal |vauthors=Eibl RH, Kleihues P, Jat PS, Wiestler OD |title=A model for primitive neuroectodermal tumors in transgenic neural transplants harboring the SV40 large T antigen |journal=Am. J. Pathol. |volume=144 |issue=3 |pages=556–64 |date=March 1994 |pmid=8129041 |pmc=1887088 |doi= |url=}}</ref> The model was used to confirm p53 as one of the genes involved in human medulloblastomas, but since only about 10% of the human tumors showed mutations in that gene, the model can be used to identify the other binding partners of SV40 Large T- antigen, other than p53.<ref name="pmid1933879">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ohgaki H, Eibl RH, Wiestler OD, Yasargil MG, Newcomb EW, Kleihues P |title=p53 mutations in nonastrocytic human brain tumors |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=51 |issue=22 |pages=6202–5 |date=November 1991 |pmid=1933879 |doi= |url=http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=1933879}}</ref>
==Diagnosis==
[[File:Peripheral PNET CD99 200x.jpg|thumb|CD99 staining of tissue from peripheral PNET]]▼
===Classification===
It is classified into two types, based on ___location in the body: peripheral PNET and CNS PNET.
====Peripheral PNET====
▲[[File:Peripheral PNET CD99 200x.jpg|thumb|CD99 staining of tissue from peripheral PNET]]
The peripheral PNET (pPNET) is now thought to be virtually identical to [[Ewing's sarcoma|Ewing sarcoma]]:
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====PNET of the CNS====
{{main|Central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal tumor}}▼
[[File:PNET.jpg|thumb|Supratentorial central PNET in a 5-year-old patient]]
▲{{main|Central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal tumor}}
PNET of the CNS generally refer to supratentorial PNETs.
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