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==== Chorionic villus sampling ====
[[Chorionic villus sampling]] is usually done between the 10th and 13th week of pregnancy, it samples [[chorionic villi]], which are tiny projections of [[Placenta|placental tissue]]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Alfirevic Z, Sundberg K, Brigham S | title = Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling for prenatal diagnosis | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | issue = 3 | pages = CD003252 | date = 2003 | pmid = 12917956 | pmc = 4171981 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD003252 }}</ref>. As the placental tissues are derived from [[Embryonic cell|embryonic cells]], hence, it contains foetal genetic information that can be used to determine the child’s RhD status<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kickler TS, Blakemore K, Shirey RS, Nicol S, Callan N, Ness PM, Escallon C, Dover G | title = Chorionic villus sampling for fetal Rh typing: clinical implications | journal = American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology | volume = 166 | issue = 5 | pages = 1407–11 | date = May 1992 | pmid = 1375812 | doi = 10.1016/0002-9378(92)91612-E }}</ref>. There are two types of chorionic villus sampling. Trans-cervical sampling involves inserting a [[catheter]] through the [[cervix]] into the [[placenta]] to obtain villi, [[ultrasound]] is used to guide the catheter to the site of sampling<ref name=":4" />. Trans-abdominal sampling requires the insertion of a needle through the [[abdomen]] and [[uterus]] to obtain placental tissue<ref name=":4" />. [[Local anesthesia|Local anaesthesia]] can be applied to reduce pain from [[
==== Amniocentesis ====
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