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[[Neural crest cells]] are multipotent cells required for the development of cells, tissues and organ systems.<ref name= "pmid17619792" >{{cite journal |vauthors= Snider P, Olaopa M, Firulli AB, Conway SJ | title = Cardiovascular development and the colonizing cardiac neural crest lineage| journal = The Scientific World Journal,| volume = 7 | pages = 1090–1113| date = 2007| pmid = 17619792}}</ref>
A subpopulation of neural crest cells are the '''cardiac neural crest complex'''. This complex refers to the cells found amongst the midotic placode and somite 3 destined to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transformation and migration to the heart via [[pharyngeal arches]] 3, 4 and 6.<ref name= "pmid20890117" >{{cite journal |vauthors= Kirby ML, Hutson MR | title = Factors controlling cardiac neural crest cell migration | journal = Cell adhesion & migration | volume = 4 | issue = 4 | pages = 609–621 | date = 2010 | pmid = 20890117| pmc =
The cardiac neural crest complex plays a vital role in forming connective tissues that aid in outflow septation and modelling of the aortic arch arteries during early development.<ref name= "pmid20890117" /> Ablation of the complex often leads to impaired myocardial functioning similar to symptoms present in [[DiGeorge syndrome]].<ref name= "pmid17224285" >{{cite journal |vauthors= Hutson MR, Kirby ML | title = Model systems for the study of heart development and disease: cardiac neural crest and conotruncal malformations | journal = Seminars in cell & developmental biology | volume = 18 | issue = 1 | pages = 101–110| date = 2007 | pmid = 17224285}}</ref> Consequently, the removal of cardiac crest cells that populate in pharyngeal arches has flow on effects on the [[thymus]], [[parathyroid]] and [[thyroid gland]].<ref name="pmid1185098" >{{cite journal |vauthors= Le Lièvre CS, Le Douarin NM| title = Mesenchymal derivatives of the neural crest: analysis of chimaeric quail and chick embryos | journal = Development | volume = 34 | issue = 1 | pages = 124–154| date = 1975 | pmid =1185098}}</ref>
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