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: <math> \delta = \frac{1}{n} \ln \frac{x(t)}{x(t+nT)} </math>
where ''x''(''t'') is the overshoot (amplitude - final value) at time ''t'' and {{nowrap|''x''(''t'' + ''nT'')}} is the
The damping ratio is then found from the logarithmic decrement by:
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