Line Mode Browser: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 00:04, 6 August 2019

Revision as of 04:43, 22 September 2019

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| website = {{URL|http://www.w3.org/LineMode/}}

}}

The '''Line Mode Browser''' (also known as LMB,<ref>{{cite web|title=How can I download a Document?|url=http://www.w3.org/Library/FAQ/DownLoad.html|publisher=[[World Wide Web Consortium]]|accessdate=10 August 2010|authorlink=Henrik Frystyk Nielsen|first=Henrik Frystyk|last=Nielsen|date=April 1995|deadurlurl-status=yesdead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112140848/http://www.w3.org/Library/FAQ/DownLoad.html|archivedate=12 January 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>, WWWLib, or just www<ref>{{cite web|last=Bolso|first=Erik Inge|title=2005 Text Mode Browser Roundup|url=http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/8148|work=[[Linux Journal]]|accessdate=5 August 2010|date=8 March 2005}}</ref>) is the second [[web browser]] ever created.<ref name="leefaq">{{cite web |last=Berners-Lee |first=Tim |title=Frequently asked questions – What were the first browsers?|url=http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/FAQ.html#browser|publisher=[[World Wide Web Consortium]]|accessdate=26 July 2011 |authorlink=Tim Berners-Lee }}</ref>

The browser was the first demonstrated to be [[porting|portable]] to several different [[operating system]]s.<ref name="tenyarscern">{{cite web|title=Ten Years Public Domain for the Original Web Software|url=http://tenyears-www.web.cern.ch/tenyears-www/Story/WelcomeStory.html|publisher=[[CERN]]|accessdate=21 July 2005|date=30 April 2003}}</ref><ref name="howthewebbegan">{{cite web |title=How the web began|url=http://public.web.cern.ch/public/en/About/WebStory-en.html|publisher=[[CERN]]|accessdate=25 July 2010|year=2008}}</ref>

Operated from a simple [[command-line interface]], it could be widely used on many computers and [[computer terminal]]s throughout the [[Internet]].

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The first stable version, 1.1, was released in January 1992.<ref name="cern" /> Since version 1.2l, released in October 1992, the browser has used the ''common code library'' (later called [[libwww]]).<ref name="linemodechangehistory" /> The main developer, Pellow, started working on the [[MacWWW]] project, and both browsers began to share some [[source code]].<ref>{{cite web|authorlink=Tim Berners-Lee|last=Berners-Lee|first=Tim|date=3 November 1992|title=Macintosh Browser|url=http://www.w3.org/History/19921103-hypertext/hypertext/WWW/Macintosh/Overview.html|publisher=[[World Wide Web Consortium]]|accessdate=2 June 2010}}</ref> In the ''May 1993 World Wide Web Newsletter'' Berners-Lee announced that the browser was released into the [[public ___domain]] to reduce the work on new clients.<ref>{{cite web|title=May World-Wide Web News|url=http://www.w3.org/News/9305.html|publisher=[[World Wide Web Consortium]]|accessdate=7 June 2010|authorlink=Tim Berners-Lee|first=Tim|last=Berners-Lee|date=May 1993}}</ref> On 21 March 1995, with the release of version 3.0, CERN put the full responsibility for maintaining the Line Mode Browser on the W3C.<ref name="linemodechangehistory" /> The Line Mode Browser and the libwww library are closely tied together—the last independent release of a separate browser component was in 1995, and the browser became part of libwww.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kreutzmann|first=Dr. Helge|title=WWW-Browsers for Linux|url=http://www.helgefjell.de/browser.php|accessdate=3 June 2010|date=6 January 2010}}</ref>

The [[Agora (web browser)|Agora]] World Wide Web email browser was based on the Line Mode Browser.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sendall|first=Mike|title=World Wide Web Clients|url=http://www.w3.org/Clients.html|publisher=[[World Wide Web Consortium]]|accessdate=10 August 2010|date=29 March 1995}}</ref> The Line Mode Browser was very popular in the beginning of the web, since it was the only web browser available for all operating systems. Statistics from January 1994 show that [[Mosaic (web browser)|Mosaic]] had quickly changed the web browser landscape and only 2% of all [[World Wide Web]] users browsed by Line Mode Browser.<ref>{{cite web|title=History of the Web |url=http://www.w3c.rl.ac.uk/primers/history/origins.htm |publisher=[[Oxford Brookes University]] |accessdate=20 November 2010 |year=2002 |deadurlurl-status=yesdead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100925204436/http://www.w3c.rl.ac.uk/primers/history/origins.htm |archivedate=25 September 2010 |df= }}</ref> The new niche of text-only web browser was filled by [[Lynx (web browser)|Lynx]], which made the Line Mode Browser largely irrelevant as a browser. One reason was that Lynx is much more flexible than the Line Mode Browser.<ref name="HTMLsource">{{cite book|last=Graham|first=Ian S.|title=The HTML Sourcebook: The Complete Guide to HTML|year=1995|publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]]|isbn=0-471-11849-4|pages=[https://archive.org/details/htmlsourcebook00grah/page/323 323]|url=https://archive.org/details/htmlsourcebook00grah/page/323}}</ref> It then became a test application for the libwww.

== Operating mode ==

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== Features ==

The Line Mode Browser was designed to be able to be [[Cross-platform#Platform-independent_software|platform independent]]. There are official ports to [[Apollo/Domain]],<ref name="Tim-install">{{cite web|url=http://www.slac.stanford.edu/BF/src/WWW/WWWLineMode/LineMode/Defaults/Installation.html|title=Installation|last=Berners-Le|first=Tim|accessdate=16 November 2010|deadurlurl-status=yesdead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111120246/http://www.slac.stanford.edu/BF/src/WWW/WWWLineMode/LineMode/Defaults/Installation.html|archivedate=11 January 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[RS6000|IBM RS6000]],<ref name="Tim-install"/> DECStation/ultrix,<ref name="Tim-install"/> VAX/VMS,<ref name="Tim-install"/> VAX/Ultrix,<ref name="Tim-install"/> [[MS-DOS]],<ref name="living">{{cite web|first=Bill|last=Stewart|title=Web Browser History|url=http://www.livinginternet.com/w/wi_browse.htm|publisher=Living Internet|accessdate=2 June 2010}}</ref> [[Unix]],<ref name="living" /><ref name="os">{{cite web|title=List of Platforms for libwww|url=http://www.w3.org/Library/User/Platform/|publisher=[[World Wide Web Consortium]]|accessdate=9 June 2010|authorlink=Henrik Frystyk Nielsen|first=Henrik Frystyk|last=Nielsen|date=1 April 1999}}</ref> [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]],<ref name="os" /> [[Classic Mac OS]],<ref name="os" /> [[Linux]],<ref name="os" /> [[MVS]],<ref name="people">{{cite web|title=WWW people|url=http://www.w3.org/History/19921103-hypertext/hypertext/WWW/People.html#9|publisher=[[World Wide Web Consortium]]|accessdate=15 June 2010}}</ref> [[VM (operating system)|VM/CMS]],<ref name="people" /> [[FreeBSD]],<ref name="physionet">{{cite web|title=W3C libwww libraries|url=http://physionet.incor.usp.br/physiotools/libwww/|work=PhysioNet|publisher=[[University of São Paulo]]|accessdate=30 May 2010|___location=Cambridge, MA|date=19 March 2008}}</ref> [[Solaris (operating system)|Solaris]],<ref name="physionet" /> and to [[macOS]].<ref name="physionet" /> The browser supports many protocols like [[File Transfer Protocol]] (FTP), [[Gopher (protocol)|Gopher]], [[Hypertext Transfer Protocol]] (HTTP), [[Network News Transfer Protocol]] (NNTP), and [[Wide area information server]] (WAIS).<ref name="linemodechangehistory" /><ref name="newsletter92" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Defining a News Server|url=http://www.w3.org/LineMode/User/NewsServer.html|publisher=[[World Wide Web Consortium]]|accessdate=28 June 2010|authorlink1=Tim Berners-Lee|first1=Tim|last1=Berners-Lee|authorlink2=Henrik Frystyk Nielsen|first2=Henrik Frystyk|last2=Nielsen|date=9 December 1996}}</ref>

Other features included [[rlogin]]<ref name="newsletter92">{{cite web|title=What's new in '92|url=http://www.w3.org/News/9201.html|publisher=[[World Wide Web Consortium]]|accessdate=25 July 2010|authorlink=Tim Berners-Lee|first=Tim|last=Berners-Lee|date=January 1992}}</ref> and [[telnet]]<ref name="newsletter92" /> [[hyperlink]]s, [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] support (added at 25 November 1994 in version 2.15),<ref name="linemodechangehistory" /> and ability to be set up as a [[proxy server|proxy]] client.<ref>{{cite web|title=Libwww – the W3C Sample Code Library README|url=http://www.w3.org/README.html#Line|publisher=[[World Wide Web Consortium]]|accessdate=11 August 2010|authorlink=Henrik Frystyk Nielsen|first=Henrik Frystyk|last=Nielsen|date=9 August 1997}}</ref> The browser could run as a [[background process]] and download files.<ref name="HTMLsource" /> The Line Mode Browser has had problems recognizing [[Character entity reference|character entities]], properly collapsing [[Whitespace character|whitespace]], and supporting tables and [[Framing (World Wide Web)|frames]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Tobias|first=Daniel R.|title="Brand-X" Browsers – Alphabetical List: A-G|url=http://webtips.dan.info/brand-x/a-g.html|accessdate=5 July 2010|date=4 April 2010}}</ref>