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{{additional citations|date=March 2019|collins=dictionary online}}
'''Manually coded languages''' ('''MCLs''') are a family of gestural communication methods which include [[fingerspelling| gestural spelling]] as well as [[constructed language | constructed languages]] which directly interpolate the grammar and syntax of oral languages in a gestural-visual form - that is, [[sign language|signed]] versions of oral languages. Unlike the [[sign language]]s that have evolved naturally in [[deaf communities]], these manual codes are the conscious invention of [[Hearing (person)|deaf and hearing educators]], and as such lack distinct spatial structures {{cn|date=September 2019}}. MCLs mostly follow the [[grammar]] of the oral language—or, more precisely, of the written form of the oral language that they interpolate. They have been mainly used in [[deaf education]] in an effort to "represent [[English language|English]] on the hands" and by sign language [[Interpreting|interpreters]] in K-12 schools, although they have had some influence on deaf sign languages where their implementation was widespread.
==History==
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