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[[File:Bio-layer interferometry wavelength shift due to analyte binding .gif|thumb|Figure 3]]
'''Bio-layer interferometry''' ('''BLI''') is a [[label-free_quantification|label-free]] technology for measuring [[molecular interaction|biomolecular interactions]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cooper |first1=Matthew |title=Current biosensor technologies in drug discovery. |journal=Drug Discovery World |date=May 7, 2006 |issue=Summer |pages=68–82 |url=https://www.ddw-online.com/drug-discovery/p97058-current-biosensor-technologies-in-drug-discoverysummer-06.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rich |first1=Rebecca L |last2=Myszka |first2=David G |title=Higher-throughput, label-free, real-time molecular interaction analysis. |journal=Analytical Biochemistry |date=1 February 2007 |volume=361 |issue=1 |pages=1–6 |doi=10.1016/j.ab.2006.10.040 |pmid=17145039 }}</ref>. It is an optical analytical technique that analyzes the [[Interference (wave propagation)|interference]] pattern of white light reflected from two surfaces: a layer of immobilized [[protein]] on the biosensor tip, and an internal reference layer (Figure 1). Any change in the number of molecules bound to the biosensor tip causes a shift in the interference pattern that can be measured in real-time (Figures 1 and 2).
The binding between a [[Ligand (biochemistry)|ligand]] immobilized on the biosensor tip surface and an analyte in solution produces an increase in [[optical thickness]] at the biosensor tip, which results in a [[wavelength]] shift, Δλ (Figure 3), which is a direct measure of the change in thickness of the biological layer. Interactions are measured in real time, providing the ability to monitor binding specificity, rates of association and dissociation, or concentration, with high precision and accuracy.
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