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=== Design Principles & Instructional Strategies for CSCL in Post-Secondary Education ===
The design principles for using CSCL can be considered from different perspectives. For technical use, instructors need to provide tutorials and online training modules to students.<ref name="Liu, L. & Lee, W 2012 135–145">{{Cite journal|last=Liu, L. & Lee, W|date=2012|title=Using an online learning management system as collaborative media to support adult learning: needs assessment|url=|journal=International Journal of Technology in Teaching and Learning|volume=8|issue=2|pages=135–145|via=}}</ref> For collaboration, students need time to plan and coordinate group work as well as instructors’ support and guidance<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Vuopala, E., Hyvönen, P.,& Järvelä, S|date=2016|title=Interaction forms in successful collaborative learning in virtual learning environments|url=|journal=Active Learning in Higher Education|volume=17|issue=1|pages=25–38|via=|doi=10.1177/1469787415616730}}</ref> on the discussions. Also, group size and composition should be taken into consideration for better quality of interaction.<ref name="Sung, Y.T., Yang, J.M. & Lee, H.Y. 2017 769–805">{{Cite journal|last=Sung, Y.T., Yang, J.M. & Lee, H.Y.|date=2017|title=The Effects of Mobile-Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning: Meta-Analysis and Critical Synthesis|url=|journal=Review of Educational Research|volume=87|pages=769–805|via=|doi=10.3102/0034654317704307}}</ref> More instructional strategies are presented below.
==== Project-Based Settings Using Wikis ====
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