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{{Refimprove|date=October 2012}}
In [[computing]] and especially in [[computer hardware]], a '''controller''' is a [[Integrated circuit|chip]] (such as a [[microcontroller]]), an [[expansion card]], or a stand-alone device that [[interface (computing)|interface]]s with a more [[peripheral]] device. This may be a link between two parts of a computer (for example a [[memory controller]] that [[memory management|manages access to memory]] for the computer) or a controller on an external device that manages the operation of (and connection with) that device.
The term is sometimes used in the opposite sense to refer to a device by which the user controls the operation of the computer, as in ''[[game controller]]''.
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[[File:Ic-photo-Intel--C8251.JPG|thumb|right|text-top|150px|Intel C8251 Universal Synchronous/Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (USART) chip]]
As chip densities improved controllers were implemented as single chips and often located on the motherboard. Examples are:
* [[Microcontroller]] unit (MCU)
* [[Keyboard controller (computing)|Keyboard controller]]
* [[Programmable Interrupt Controller]]
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