CSS hack: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 18:06, 28 July 2006

Revision as of 22:24, 6 December 2006

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A '''CSS filter''' is a coding technique that aims to effectively hide or show parts of the [[Cascading style sheets|CSS]] to different [[Web browser|browsers]], either by exploiting CSS-handling quirks or bugs in the browser or by taking advantage of lack of support for parts of the CSS specifications. Using CSS filters, some designers have gone as far as delivering entirely different CSS to certain browsers in order to ensure that designs are rendered as expected. Because very early web browsers either were completely incapable of handling CSS or rendered CSS very poorly, designers today often routinely use CSS filters that completely prevent these ancient browsers from 'seeing' any of the CSS. For example, CSS filters are very often put in place to exclude Netscape 4.xx and Internet Explorer 4, ensuring that only more recent 'v5' browsers 'see' the CSS.

=== Conditional Comments ===

Conditional Comments are a proprietary HTML tag supported by Microsoft Internet Explorer (version 6 onwards) that allow web developers to show or hide html code based on the version of the viewer's browser. Conditional comments can be used to hide certain styles from a specific browser, or even to supply a tailored style sheets for individual browser versions. For example:

<pre>

<!--[if IE 7]>

<style type="text/css">

p {text-decoration:underline; /* Underlines paragraph text in Internet Explorer 7, but no other browser */}

</style>

<![endif]-->

</pre>

=== "Hacks" ===

"Hacks" are style definitions that exploit known peculiarities and bugs to control whether style rules are seen by a specific browser version.

==== Selector Hacks ====

===== Star HTML hack =====

The <code>html</code> element is the root element of the W3C standard [[Document Object Model|DOM]], but Internet explorer versions 5.5 and 6 include a mysterious parent element. Fully-compliant browsers will ignore the <code>* html</code> selector, while IE 5.5 and 6 will process it normally. This enables rules to be specified for these versions of Internet Explorer which will be ignored by all other browsers. For Example:

<pre>

* html p {font-size: 5em; /* Specifies text size in Internet Explorer 5.5 and 6, but not in any other browsers}

</pre>

===== html>body hack =====

Internet Explorer does not support the "child selector" (<code>></code>), allowing rules to be specified for all browsers except Internet Explorer. For example:

<pre>html>body p {color: blue; /* Turns paragraph text blue in Firefox, but not in IE */}</pre>

== External links ==