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===Chinese===
[[Yuen Ren Chao]] has described sentence-final particles as "phrase suffixes": just as a word suffix is in construction with the word preceding it, a sentence-final particle or phrase suffix is "in construction with a preceding phrase or sentence, though phonetically closely attached to the syllable immediately preceding it".<ref name="Chao">{{cite book | surname=Chao |given=Yuen Ren |author-link=Chao Yen Ren |title=A Grammar of Spoken Chinese | url=https://archive.org/details/grammarofspokenc0000chao | url-access=registration |year=1968 |publisher=University of California Press |___location=Berkeley |isbn=0-520-00219-9 | page=[https://archive.org/details/grammarofspokenc0000chao/page/149 149]}}</ref> According to Chao, the sentence-final particle is phonetically close to the last word before it, but syntactically it is equidistant from every word in the whole [[Predicate (grammar)|predicate]].
While sentence-final particles usually do not carry meaning themselves or [[Denotation (semiotics)|denote]] anything explicit, they may be derived from words that do carry meaning when they occur in other contexts and serve different functions.<ref name="Li & Thompson">{{cite book |given1=Charles N. |surname1=Li |given2=Sandra A. |surname2=Thompson |author-link=Sandra Thompson (linguist) |title=Mandarin Chinese: A functional reference grammar |___location=Berkeley |publisher=University of California Press |year=1981 |isbn=978-0-520-06610-6 |pages=238–318 }}</ref>
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