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perception. In The New Visual Neuroscience, ed. JS Werner, LM Chalupa, pp. 695–710. Cambridge, MA:
MIT Press</ref> Provides a short cut to lighten the cognitive load.
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* Single-item recognition is not a prerequisite for ensemble coding.
* Ensemble representations can be extracted with a temporal resolution at or beyond the temporal resolution of individual object recognition.” <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Whitney|first=David|last2=Yamanashi Leib|first2=Allison|date=2018|title=Ensemble Perception|url=https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010416-044232|journal=Annual Review of Psychology|volume=69|issue=1|pages=105–129|doi=10.1146/annurev-psych-010416-044232|pmid=28892638}}</ref>
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== Opposing Theories ==
Some research has found countering evidence to the theory of ensemble coding.
Some research has found countering evidence to the theory of ensemble coding. Vision science has noted that although humans take in large amounts of visual information, adults are only able to process, attend to, and hold in memory up to roughly four items from the visual environment. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Alvarez|first=G.A.|last2=Cavanagh|first2=P.|date=2004-02|title=The Capacity of Visual Short-Term Memory is Set Both by Visual Information Load and by Number of Objects|url=https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.01502006.x|journal=Psychological Science|language=en-US|volume=15|issue=2|pages=106–111|doi=10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.01502006.x|issn=0956-7976}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Luck|first=Steven J.|last2=Vogel|first2=Edward K.|date=1997-11|title=The capacity of visual working memory for features and conjunctions|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/36846|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=390|issue=6657|pages=279–281|doi=10.1038/36846|issn=1476-4687}}</ref> Furthermore, scientists have found that this visual upper limit capacity exists across various domains. ▼
=== Visual Capacity ===
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=== Low Resolution Representations ===
Additional research in vision science discovered that stimuli are represented in the brain individually as small, low resolution, icons stored in templates organized through associative links. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=xGJ_DxN3eygC&oi=fnd&pg=PA411&dq=The+iconic+bottleneck+and+the+tenuous+link+between+early+visual+processing+and+perception.+&ots=VtUSEGXtvE&sig=7Q6FbzFnbGsHP6ngmn2b8xpFD98#v=onepage&q=The%20iconic%20bottleneck%20and%20the%20tenuous%20link%20between%20early%20visual%20processing%20and%20perception.&f=false|title=Vision: Coding and Efficiency|last=Adler|first=K.|last2=Pointon|first2=M.|date=1993-05-13|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-44769-0|language=en}}</ref>
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Gestalt Theorists
Ensemble coding is a theory that was established by vision scientists, but is now used by various disciplines. Vision Scientists have expressed interest in how people perceive groups of objects for quite some time. This interest has developed from low-level perceptual processes to high-level perceptual processes spanning multiple disciplines.
== The Current Era ==
Ariely 2001 <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ariely|first=Dan|date=2001|title=Seeing Sets: Representation by Statistical Properties|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/40063604|journal=Psychological Science|volume=12|issue=2|pages=157–162|issn=0956-7976}}</ref>
Chong & Treisman 2003
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== Levels of Ensemble Coding ==
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