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== The Current Era ==
Seminal findings by Dan Ariely in 2001 were the first data to support theories of ensemble coding. Ariely used novel experimental paradigms he labeled "mean discrimination" and "member identification" to examine how sets of objects are perceived. He conducted three studies involving shape ensembles that varied in size. Across all studies participants were able to accurately encode the mean size of the ensemble, but they were inaccurate when asked if a certain circle was apart of the set. Ariely's findings were the first that found statistical summary information emerge in the visual perception of grouped objects. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Ariely|first=Dan|date=2001|title=Seeing Sets: Representation by Statistical Properties|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/40063604|journal=Psychological Science|volume=12|issue=2|pages=157–162|issn=0956-7976}}</ref>
Consistent with Ariely's findings,<ref name=":1" /> follow up research conducted by Sang Chul Chong and Anne Treisman in 2003, provided evidence that participants are engaging in summary statistical processes. Their research revealed that participant's maintained high accuracy in encoding the mean size of the stimuli even with short stimuli presentations (50ms), memory delays, and circle distribution differences. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Chong|first=Sang Chul|last2=Treisman|first2=Anne|date=2003-02-01|title=Representation of statistical properties|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698902005965|journal=Vision Research|volume=43|issue=4|pages=393–404|doi=10.1016/S0042-6989(02)00596-5|issn=0042-6989}}</ref>
Additional work has demonstrated that ensemble coding isn't limited to
"Over all this research pointed to our visual system's profound flexibility in extracting the gist or summary of a group of stimuli, offering a parsimonious explanation to long established cognitive and visual limitations"
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