Enlist Weed Control System: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 03:52, 3 October 2019

Revision as of 03:55, 9 December 2019

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The '''Enlist Weed Control System''' is an [[agriculture|agricultural]] system that includes seeds for [[genetically modified crops]] that are resistant to Enlist (a broadleaf [[herbicide]] with two active agents, [[2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid]] (2,4-D) and [[glyphosate]]) and the Enlist herbicide; spraying the herbicide will kill weeds but not the resulting crop.<ref name=reuters/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://farmprogress.com/story-usda-releases-draft-environmental-impact-statement-dows-enlist-13-106875| author= |title=USDA Releases Draft Environmental Impact Statement on Dow's Enlist|publisher=American Agriculturist| date=January 3, 2014 |accessdate=May 3, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110184955/http://farmprogress.com/story-usda-releases-draft-environmental-impact-statement-dows-enlist-13-106875|archive-date=January 10, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> The system was developed by [[Dow AgroSciences]], part of [[Dow Chemical Company]].<ref name=reuters>{{cite news| url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/10/us-agriculture-dow-enlist-insight-idUSBREA290HU20140310 |author=Carey Gilliam| title=As Dow seeks growth, new Enlist crop/chemicals seen as key| publisher=[[Reuters]] |date=March 10, 2014 |accessdate=May 3, 2014}}</ref> In October 2014 the system was registered for restricted use in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Ohio, South Dakota and Wisconsin by the [[US Environmental Protection Agency]].<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://deltafarmpress.com/corn/enlist-duo-approved-six-states-restrictions|title = Enlist Duo approved in six states, with restrictions|last = |first = |date = October 15, 2014|work = Delta Farm Press|accessdate = October 17, 2014}}</ref> In 2013, the system was approved by Canada for the same uses.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www2.epa.gov/ingredients-used-pesticide-products/registration-enlist-duo|title = Registration of Enlist Duo|date = October 2014|accessdate = October 17, 2014|website = EPA|publisher = Environmental Protection Agency|last = EPA}}</ref>

The Enlist approach was developed to replace the "Roundup-Ready" system that was introduced in 1996 by [[Monsanto]] and which has become less useful with the rise of glyphosate-resistant weeds.<ref name=reuters/>

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''Enlist Duo'' is an [[herbicide]] that contains the choline form of [[2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid]] (2,4-D) and [[glyphosate]] plus an unknown number of unlisted ingredients. Dow added chemicals to the mixture in what it termed "Colex-D technology".<ref name=farmfuture>{{cite web| url=http://farmfutures.com/story-epa-consider-comments-registration-enlist-duo-herbicide-0-111931| title=EPA to Consider Comments on Registration of Enlist Duo Herbicide| publisher=Farm Futures| date=May 1, 2014| accessdate=May 3, 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503160956/http://farmfutures.com/story-epa-consider-comments-registration-enlist-duo-herbicide-0-111931| archive-date=May 3, 2014| url-status=dead}}</ref>

2,4-D is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world.<ref>von Stackelberg K. A Systematic Review of Carcinogenic Outcomes and Potential Mechanisms from Exposure to 2,4-D and MCPA in the Environment. J Toxicol. 2013;2013:371610. {{PMID|23533401}} [http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jt/2013/371610/ PMC 3600329]</ref><ref>Andrew Pollack for the New York Times. April 9, 2012 [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/10/business/energy-environment/epa-denies-request-to-ban-24-d-a-popular-weed-killer.html?_r=0 E.P.A. Denies an Environmental Group’s Request to Ban a Widely Used Weed Killer]</ref> 2,4-D is volatile and by EPA assessment is a hazardous air pollutant that is difficult to contain.{{CN|date=December 2015}} According to Dow, the Colex-D formulation reduces drift and damage from evaporation.<ref>Josh Flint for Prairie Farmer. August 31, 2011 [http://farmprogress.com/story-dow-agrosciences-names-its-newest-herbicide-offering-duo-0-52677 Dow AgroSciences Names Its Newest Herbicide Offering Enlist Duo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504025154/http://farmprogress.com/story-dow-agrosciences-names-its-newest-herbicide-offering-duo-0-52677 |date=2014-05-04 }}</ref> As of 2013 glyphosate was the world's largest-selling herbicide, with sales driven by glyphosate-resistant [[genetically modified crops]].<ref>China Research & Intelligence, June 5, 2013. [http://www.shcri.com/agricultural-chemicals/14-research-report-on-global-and-china-glyphosate-industry-2013-2017.html Research Report on Global and China Glyphosate Industry, 2013-2017] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222042/http://www.shcri.com/agricultural-chemicals/14-research-report-on-global-and-china-glyphosate-industry-2013-2017.html |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref>

Other countries assessing the system include Brazil, Argentina and various food importing countries.<ref name=fleury>{{cite web| url=http://www.agannex.com/energy/enlist-weed-control-system-in-canada | author=Donna Fleury |title=Enlist weed control system in Canada. A new tool for managing hard to control and resistant weeds |publisher=AG Annex |date=April 2014| accessdate=May 3, 2014}}</ref>