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The fundamental concept of the levels-of-processing effect, is that different methods of encoding information into [[memory]] have different levels of effectiveness, either in their actual writing in, or in their reading back ([[recollection|recall]]) from memory.
This structure of memory suggests that memory doesn’t have separate levels of storage. This is contrary to views such as the three-store model of memory. Levels-of-Processing considers that there is an infinite number of processing levels of memory being encoded. The levels are indistinct and boundaries between the levels are nonexistent. Under this model, storage is said to be determined by processing.
An experiment to support this view is one in which people are given word lists and then asked questions. The questions asked were on a scale of physical, acoustic, or semantic. Results showed that more words were remembered with a deeper question. Also, there was higher recall when the words were connected by logic (fish and ocean), as appose to concretely connected words (fish and hand). Effects such as these are termed the self-reference effect.
Physical- Visual feature of the word (lowercase, uppercase)
Acoustic- Sound the word makes (rhyming)
Semantic- deeper meaning or function of the word (what the word represents, categories)
The test used to illustrate their [[hypothesis]] showed, roughly speaking, that:
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