Cardiac neural crest complex: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 16:21, 28 December 2019

Revision as of 03:12, 9 January 2020

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===Aortic arch remodelling===

The aortic arch arteries transport blood from the [[aorta]] to the head and trunk of the [[embryo]].<ref name= "pmid9558464" >{{cite journal |vauthors= Creazzo TL, Godt RE, Leatherbury L, Conway SJ, Kirby ML | title = Role of cardiac neural crest cells in cardiovascular development | journal = Annual Review of Physiology| volume = 60| issue = 1 | pages = 267–286| date = 1998| pmid = 9558464| doi = 10.1146/annurev.physiol.60.1.267 }}</ref> Normally, early development of the outflow tract begins with a single vessel that forms bilateral symmetrical branches at the aortic sac within pharyngeal arches. This process requires the elongation of the outflow tract as a prerequisite to ensure the correct series of looping and cardiac alignment.<ref name="pmid17619792"/> The cardiac neural crest complex then colonises in the truncal cushion and is localised to the subendothelial layer prior to spiralisation of the endocardarialendocardial cushion to form the conotruncal ridges. This later undergoes remodelling to form the left-sided aortic pattern present in adult hearts.<ref name="pmid17619792"/> The group of cells found in the third aortic arch gives rise to common [[carotid arteries]]. Cells found in the fourth aortic arch differentiates to form the distal aortic arch and right [[subclavian artery]], whilst cells in the sixth aortic arch develops into the [[pulmonary arteries]]. Cardiac neural crest cells express ''Hox'' genes that supports the development of arteries 3, 4 and 6 and the simultaneous regression of arteries 1 and 2. The ablation of ''Hox'' genes on cardiac neural crest cells causes defective outflow septation.<ref name="pmid9558464"/>

==Ablation of cardiac neural crest complex==