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[[Image:Celt_with_gemstone_turtles-01.jpg|thumb|300px|Carved wooden rattleback]]
 
A '''rattleback''', also known as a "celt," "Celtic stone," "rattlerocks," "spin bar," "TatesTate's," "wobble stone" or "wobblestone," and by the product names "ARK," "RATTLEBACKS" and "Space Pets," is a semi-ellipsoidal [[top]] which will spin on its axis in a preferred direction. But, if spun in the opposite direction, it becomes unstable, "rattles," stops and reverses its spin to the preferred direction.
 
:''Behold the mysterious celt,''
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*Influenced by the [[Coriolis effect]]
 
*A "TatesTate's" compass ("He who has a TatesTate's is lost.")
 
==References==
 
*Blackowiak, A. Donald. ''The dynamics of the celt with second order averaging and computer algebra''. Cornell University. Ithaca, N.Y. 1996.
Boardman, Allan J. "The mysterious celt." ''Fine Woodworking'', vol. 53, pp. 68-9. The Taunton Press Inc. Newtown, Conn. July/August 1985.▼
 
*Blackowiak, A. Donald, H. Kaplan and Richard H. Rand. "The dynamics of the celt with second order averaging and computer algebra." ''Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences''. Sacramento. 1997.
[[Hermann Bondi|Bondi KCB FRS, Sir Hermann]]. "The rigid body dynamics of unidirectional spin." ''Proceedings of the Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge'', vol. A405, pp. 265-74. London. 1986.▼
 
▲*Boardman, Allan J. "The mysterious celt." ''Fine Woodworking'', vol. 53, pp. :68-9. The Taunton Press Inc. Newtown, Conn. July/August 1985.
Crabtree, Harold. ''An elementary treatment of the spinning tops and gyroscopic motion''. pp. 7, 54, plate I. Longmans, Green & Co. London. 1909.▼
 
▲*[[Hermann Bondi|Bondi KCB FRS, Sir Hermann]]. "The rigid body dynamics of unidirectional spin." ''Proceedings of the Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge'', vol. A405, pp. :265-74. London. 1986.
Crane [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]], H. Richard. "How things work: The rattleback revisited." ''The Physics Teacher'', vol. 29(5), pp. 278-9. American Association of Physics Teachers. College Park, Md. 1991.▼
 
*Caughey, T.K. "A mathematical model of the rattleback." ''International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics'', 15:293-302. Orlando, Fla. 1980.
Dammermann, W. "Celtic Wackelsteine." ''Physics in our time'', vol. 12, pp. 178-80. 1981.▼
 
▲*Crabtree, Harold. ''An elementary treatment of the spinning tops and gyroscopic motion''. pp. 7, 54, plate I. Longmans, Green & Co. London. 1909.
Edge [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]], Ronald D. and Richard Lee Childers [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]]. "String and sticky tape: Curious celts and riotous rattlebacks." ''The Physics Teacher'', vol. 37(2), p. 80. American Association of Physics Teachers. College Park, Md. 1999.▼
 
▲*Crane [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]], H. Richard. "How things work: The rattleback revisited." ''The Physics Teacher'', vol. 29(5), pp. :278-9. American Association of Physics Teachers. College Park, Md. 1991.
Elliott, W.A. ''The inside story of the whirlygig!'' W.A. Elliott Co., Toronto.▼
 
▲*Dammermann, W. "Celtic Wackelsteinewackelsteine." ''Physics inIn ourOur timeTime'', vol. 12, pp. :178-80. 1981.
Elliott, W.A. ''The Tate's compass''. W.A. Elliott Co., Toronto. 1982.▼
 
Freeman*Edge [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]], IraRonald BD. and Richard Lee Childers [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]]. "WhatString isand Trevelyan'ssticky rocker?tape: Curious celts and riotous rattlebacks." ''The Physics Teacher'', vol. 12, p. 38237(2):80. American Association of Physics Teachers. College Park, Md. 19741999.
 
▲*Elliott, W.A. ''The inside story of the whirlygig!'' W.A. Elliott Co., Toronto.
Gray, Andrew. ''Treatise of gyrostatics and rotational motion''. Macmillan Publishers Ltd. London. 1918.▼
 
▲*Elliott, W.A. ''The Tate's compass''. W.A. Elliott Co., Toronto. 1982.
Holzhey, C. and H. Puschmann. "The Celtic Wackelstein: A remarkable gyroscope." ''Recent Science'', vol 1, no. 2, pp. 6-15. 1986.▼
 
*Freeman, Ira B. "What is Trevelyan's rocker?" ''The Physics Teacher'', 12:382. American Association of Physics Teachers. College Park, Md. 1974.
Magnus, Karl. ''The stability of rotations of a non-symmetrical body on a horizontal surface''. Festschrift Szabo, pp. 19-23, Berlin. 1971.▼
 
*Garcia, A. and M. Hubbard. "Spin reversal of the rattleback: Theory and experiment." ''Proceedings of the Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge'', A418:165-97. London. 1988.
McGeer [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]], Tad and Leigh Hunt Palmer [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] "Wobbling, toppling and forces of contact." ''American Journal of Physics'', vol. 57, pp. 1089-98. American Association of Physics Teachers. College Park, Md. 1989.▼
 
▲*Gray, Andrew. ''Treatise of gyrostatics and rotational motion''. Macmillan Publishers Ltd. London. 1918.
Moffatt [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] [[Royal Society|FRS]], Henry Keith. "Talk for the 50th anniversary." ''Journal of Fluid Mechanics'', Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, England. 2006.▼
 
▲*Holzhey, C. and H. Puschmann. "The Celtic Wackelsteinwackelstein: A remarkable gyroscope." ''Recent Science'', vol 1, no. (2, pp. ):6-15. 1986.
Satterly [[Doctor of Science|D.Sc.]] [[Royal Society of Canada|FRSC]], John. "Induced rocking." ''American Journal of Physics'', vol. 26, pp. 625-7. American Association of Physics Teachers. College Park, Md. 1958.▼
 
*Kane, Thomas R. and David A. Levinson. "Realistic mathematical modeling of the rattleback." ''International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics'', 17:175-86. 1982.
Satterly [[Doctor of Science|D.Sc.]] [[Royal Society of Canada|FRSC]], John. "Rocking experiment with two degrees of freedom." ''American Journal of Physics'', vol. 21, 267-73. American Association of Physics Teachers. College Park, Md. 1953.▼
 
*Lindberg, R.E. Jr. and R.W. Longman. "On the dynamic behavior of the wobblestone." ''Acta Mechanica'', 49:81-94. 1983.
Satterly [[Doctor of Science|D.Sc.]] [[Royal Society of Canada|FRSC]], John. "Three interesting instances of rocking." ''American Journal of Physics'', vol. 23, pp. 14-26. American Association of Physics Teachers. College Park, Md. 1955.▼
 
▲*Magnus, Karl. ''"The stability of rotations of a non-symmetrical body on a horizontal surface." ''. Festschrift Szabo'', pp. 19-23, Berlin. 1971.
Satterly [[Doctor of Science|D.Sc.]] [[Royal Society of Canada|FRSC]], John. "Vibrational dynamics with lenses, mirrors and prisms." ''American Journal of Physics'', vol. 23, pp. 562-81. American Association of Physics Teachers. College Park, Md. 1955.
 
*Magnus, Kurt. "Zur theorie der Keltischen wackelsteine." ''Zeitschrift fuer Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik'', 54:54-5. 1974.
Sherburne, Charles W. "ARK: Scientific demonstration toy." U.S. Design 210,947. Filed: Nov. 12, 1995. Patented: May 7, 1968. San Pedro, Calif.▼
 
*Markeev, A.P. "On the dynamics of a solid on an absolutely rough plane." ''PMM U.S.S.R'', 47:473-8. 1983.
Walgate [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]], Robert. "Tops that like to spin one way." ''Nature'', vol. 323, p. 204. Nature Publishing Group, London. 1986.▼
 
▲Edge*McGeer [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]], Ronald D.Tad and RichardLeigh LeeHunt ChildersPalmer [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]]. "StringWobbling, toppling and stickyforces tape:of Curious celts and riotous rattlebackscontact." ''TheAmerican Journal of Physics Teacher'', vol. 37(2), p. 8057:1089-98. American Association of Physics Teachers. College Park, Md. 19991989.
[[Jearl Walker|Walker Ph.D., Jearl]]. "The mysterious 'rattleback': A stone that spins in one direction and then reverses." ''Scientific American'', pp. 172-84. Scientific American Inc. New York. 1979.▼
 
▲*Moffatt [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] [[Royal Society|FRS]], Henry Keith. "Talk for the 50th anniversary." ''Journal of Fluid Mechanics'', Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, England. 2006.
[[Jearl Walker|Walker Ph.D., Jearl]]. "Rattlebacks and tippe tops; Roundabout: The physics of rotation in the everyday world." ''Scientific American'', pp. 33-8, 66. Scientific American Inc. New York. 1985.▼
 
*Pascal, M. "Asymptotic solution of the equations of motion for a Celtic stone." ''PMM U.S.S.R'', 47:269-76. 1984.
[[Jearl Walker|Walker Ph.D., Jearl]]. "Puzzling gyroscopes." ''Spektrum der Wissenschaft'', part 1, December, pp. 109-13, 1979; part 2, May, pp. 151-7, 1981.▼
 
*Pascal, M. "The use of the method of averaging to study non-linear oscillations of the Celtic stone." ''PMM U.S.S.R'', 50:520-2. 1986.
[[Gilbert Walker|Walker FRS, Sir Gilbert Thomas]]. "On a curious dynamical property of celts." ''Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society'', vol. 8, pp. 305-6. Cambridge, England. 1892/5.▼
 
*Rand, Richard H. ''Topics in nonlinear dynamics with computer algebra''. Gordon and Breach. Langhorne, Penn. 1994.
[[Gilbert Walker|Walker FRS, Sir Gilbert Thomas]]. "On a dynamical top." ''Quarterly Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics'', vol. 28, pp. 175-84. International Press. Somerville, Mass. 1896.▼
 
*Rand, Richard H. and Dieter Armbruster. "Perturbation methods, bifurcation theory and computer algebra." ''Springer-Verlag''. New York. 1987.
Wheeler [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]], Nicholas A. ''Rattlebacks -- How do they work?'' Reed College Department of Physics. Portland, Ore.▼
 
▲McGeer*Satterly [[Doctor of PhilosophyScience|Ph.D.Sc.]], Tad and Leigh Hunt Palmer [[DoctorRoyal Society of PhilosophyCanada|Ph.D.FRSC]] "Wobbling, topplingJohn. and forces of"Induced contactrocking." ''American Journal of Physics'', vol. 57, pp. 108926:625-987. American Association of Physics Teachers. College Park, Md. 19891958.
 
▲*Satterly [[Doctor of Science|D.Sc.]] [[Royal Society of Canada|FRSC]], John. "Rocking experiment with two degrees of freedom." ''American Journal of Physics'', vol. 21, :267-73. American Association of Physics Teachers. College Park, Md. 1953.
 
▲*Satterly [[Doctor of Science|D.Sc.]] [[Royal Society of Canada|FRSC]], John. "InducedThree interesting instances of rocking." ''American Journal of Physics'', vol. 23:14-26, pp. 625-7. American Association of Physics Teachers. College Park, Md. 19581955.
 
▲*Satterly [[Doctor of Science|D.Sc.]] [[Royal Society of Canada|FRSC]], John. "ThreeVibrational interestingdynamics instanceswith oflenses, mirrors rockingand prisms." ''American Journal of Physics'', vol. 23, pp. 14:562-2681. American Association of Physics Teachers. College Park, Md. 1955.
 
▲*Sherburne, Charles W. "ARK: Scientific demonstration toy." ''U.S. Design 210,947''. Filed: Nov. 12, 1995. Patented: May 7, 1968. San Pedro, Calif.
 
▲*Walgate [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]], Robert. "Tops that like to spin one way." ''Nature'', vol. 323, p. :204. Nature Publishing Group, London. 1986.
 
▲*[[Gilbert Walker|Walker FRS, Sir Gilbert Thomas]]. "On a curious dynamical property of celts." ''Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society'', vol. 8, pp. :305-6. Cambridge, England. 1892/5.
 
▲*[[Gilbert Walker|Walker FRS, Sir Gilbert Thomas]]. "On a dynamical top." ''Quarterly Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics'', vol. 28, pp. :175-84. International Press. Somerville, Mass. 1896.
 
▲*[[Jearl Walker|Walker Ph.D., Jearl]]. "The Amateur Scientist: The mysterious 'rattleback': A stone that spins in one direction and then reverses." ''Scientific American'', pp. 241:172-84. Scientific American Inc. New York. 1979.
 
▲*[[Jearl Walker|Walker Ph.D., Jearl]]. "The Amateur Scientist: Rattlebacks and tippe tops; Roundabout: The physics of rotation in the everyday world." ''Scientific American'', pp. 33-8, 66. Scientific American Inc. New York. 1985.
 
▲*[[Jearl Walker|Walker Ph.D., Jearl]]. "Puzzling gyroscopes." ''Spektrum der Wissenschaft'', part 1, December, pp. 109-13, 1979; part 2, May, pp. 151-7, 1981.
 
▲*Wheeler [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]], Nicholas A. ''Rattlebacks -- How do they work?'' Reed College Department of Physics. Portland, Ore.
 
==External links==
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*Brown University: [http://www.physics.brown.edu/physics/demopages/Demo/solids/demos/1q6016.html ''To demonstrate a puzzling mechanical device with unidirectional rotational behavior''.] physics demonstration.
 
*Doherty, Paul. Scientific Explorations. [http://www.exo.net/~pauld/activities/sweden/spoonrattleback.html ''Spoon Rattleback''.] 2000.
 
*Flinn Scientific Inc. [http://www.flinnsci.com/Documents/demoPDFs/PhysicalSci/PS10440.pdf "Celt Spoon."]
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