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While the [[regulation of gene expression]] manages the abundance of RNA or protein made in a cell, the regulation of these mechanisms can be controlled by a [[regulatory sequence]] found before the [[open reading frame]] begins in a strand of DNA. The [[regulatory sequence]] will then determine the ___location and time that expression will occur for a protein coding region.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Shafee|first1=Thomas|last2=Lowe|first2=Rohan | name-list-format = vanc |date=2017 |title=Eukaryotic and prokaryotic gene structure|journal=WikiJournal of Medicine|volume=4|issue=1|doi=10.15347/wjm/2017.002}}</ref>
[[RNA splicing]] ultimately determines what part of the sequence becomes translated and expressed, and this process involves cutting out introns and putting together exons. Where the RNA [[spliceosome]] cuts, however, is guided by the recognition of [[splice site]]s, in particular the 5' splicing site, which is one of the substrates for the first step in splicing.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Konarska MM | title = Recognition of the 5' splice site by the spliceosome | journal = Acta Biochimica Polonica | volume = 45 | issue = 4 | pages = 869–81 | date = 1998 | pmid = 10397335 | doi = 10.18388/abp.1998_4346 }}</ref> The coding regions are within the exons, which become covalently joined together to form the [[mature messenger RNA]].
== Mutations ==
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