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Microsoft, a technology company once known for its opposition to the [[open source software]] paradigm, turned to [[Embrace, extend, and extinguish|embrace the approach]] in the 2010s. From the 1970s through 2000s under CEOs [[Bill Gates]] and [[Steve Ballmer]], Microsoft viewed the community creation and sharing of communal code, later to be known as free and open source software, as a threat to its business, and both executives spoke negatively against it. In the 2010s, as the industry turned towards [[cloud computing|cloud]], [[embedded computing|embedded]], and [[mobile computing]]—technologies powered by open source advances—CEO [[Satya Nadella]] led Microsoft towards open source adoption although Microsoft's traditional Windows business continued to grow throughout this period generating revenues of 26.8 billion in the third quarter of 2018, while Microsoft's Azure cloud revenues nearly doubled its revenue.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2018/04/even-windows-revenue-is-up-in-microsofts-26-8-billion-3q18/|title=Even Windows revenue is up in Microsoft’s $26.8 billion 3Q18|last=Bright|first=Peter|date=2018-04-26|website=Ars Technica|language=en-us|access-date=2019-12-18}}</ref> Microsoft open sourced some of its code, including the [[.NET framework]] and [[Visual Studio Code]], and made investments in Linux development, server technology, and organizations, including the [[Linux Foundation]] and [[Open Source Initiative]]. [[Linux]]-based operating systems power the company's [[Microsoft Azure|Azure cloud services]]. Microsoft acquired [[GitHub]], the largest host for open source project infrastructure, in 2018. Microsoft is among the site's most active contributors. This acquisition lead a few projects to migrate away from GitHub.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GitHub rivals gain from Microsoft acquisition but it's no mass exodus, yet |work=[[ZDNet]] |date=2019-05-06 |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/github-rivals-gain-from-microsoft-acquisition-but-its-no-mass-exodus-yet/ }}</ref> This proved a short lived phenomena because by 2019 there were over 10 million new users of GitHub.
== History ==
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=== Adoption ===
In 2014, [[Satya Nadella]] was named the new CEO of Microsoft. Microsoft began to adopt open source into its core business. In contrast to Ballmer's stance, Nadella presented a slide that read, "Microsoft loves Linux".{{sfn|Radits|2019|p=32}} At the time of the acquisition of GitHub, Nadella said of Microsoft, "We are all in on open source." As the industry trended towards [[cloud computing|cloud]], [[embedded computing|embedded]], and [[mobile computing]], Microsoft turned to open source to stay apace in these open source dominated fields. Microsoft's adoption of open source included several surprising turns. In 2014, the company opened the source of its [[.NET framework]] to promote its software ecosystem and stimulate cross-platform development. In 2016, Microsoft introduced [[Windows Subsystem for Linux]], which lets Linux applications run on the Windows operating system. The company invested in Linux server technology and Linux development to promote cross-platform compatibility and collaboration with open source companies and communities, culminating with Microsoft's platinum sponsorship of the [[Linux Foundation]] and seat on its Board of Directors.{{sfn|Radits|2019|p=33}} The [[Open Source Initiative]], formerly a target of Microsoft, used the occasion of Microsoft's sponsorship in 2017 as a milestone for open source software's widespread acceptance. Microsoft delivered the keynote of the 2018 [[Southern California Linux Expo]], a major convention.{{sfn|Radits|2019|p=34}}
Microsoft developed Linux-based operating systems for use with its [[Microsoft Azure|Azure cloud services]]. Azure Cloud Switch supports the Azure infrastructure and is based on open source and proprietary technology, and Azure Sphere powers [[Internet of things]] devices. As part of its announcement, Microsoft acknowledged Linux's role in small devices where the full Windows operating system would be unnecessary.{{sfn|Radits|2019|p=34}}
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