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[[File:Indonesian matchlock 19th century.jpg|thumb|300x300px|19th century [[Indonesia|Indonesian]] matchlock, this weapon is smaller and shorter than the Java arquebus, but with similar mechanism. ]]
'''Java arquebus''' refer to long primitive [[firearm]] from [[Nusantara]] archipelago, dating back to the last quarter of 15th century. The weapon was used by local armies, albeit in low number, before the arrival of [[Iberian Peninsula|Iberian]] explorers ([[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] and [[Spaniards|Spaniard]]) in the 16th century. In historical records the weapon may be classified as [[arquebus]] or [[musket]].
== Etymology ==
The term "Java arquebus" is a translation of [[Chinese language|Chinese]] word 爪哇銃 (Zua Wa Chong).<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Tiaoyuan|first=Li|title=South Vietnamese Notes|publisher=Guangju Book Office|year=1969}}</ref> In local language the weapon was known by various names, bedil or bedhil is more commonly used. However, this term has a broad meaning - it may refer to various type of [[firearm]]s and gunpowder weapon, from small [[matchlock]] pistol to large [[siege guns]]. The term ''bedil'' comes from ''wedil'' or ''wediyal'' in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] language.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Kern|first=H.|date=January 1902|title=Oorsprong van het Maleisch Woord Bedil|url=|journal=Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia|volume=54|pages=311–312|via=}}</ref> In its original form, these words refer to gunpowder or gunpowder explosion. But after being absorbed into ''bedil'' in [[Malay language|Malay]], and in a number of other cultures in the archipelago, that Tamil vocabulary is used to refer to all types of firearms that use gunpowder. In [[Javanese language|Javanese]] the term ''balin'' and ''bedhil'' is known, in [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]] the term is ''bedil'', in [[Batak languages|Batak]] it is known as ''bodil'', in [[Makassarese language|Makasarese]], ''badili'', in [[Buginese language|Buginese]], ''balili'', in [[Dayak language]], ''badil'', in [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]], ''baril'', and Malay people call it ''badel'' or ''bedil''.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jantungmelayu.com/2018/08/kitab-ilmu-bedil-melayu/|title=Kitab Ilmu Bedil Melayu|last=Syahri|first=Aswandi|date=6 August 2018|website=Jantung Melayu|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=10 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rahmawati|first=Siska|date=2016|title=Peristilahan Persenjataan Tradisional Masyarakat Melayu di Kabupaten Sambas|url=http://jurnal.untan.ac.id/index.php/jpdpb/article/view/15615|journal=Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Khatulistiwa|volume=5|pages=|via=}}</ref>
== History ==
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=== Java ===
The kingdom of [[Majapahit]] pioneered the use of
"... Majapahit troops shooting their firearms (''bedil''=firearm), while Giri troops fell dead because they couldn't withstand being pierced by bullets (''mimis''=ball bullet)..."
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