[[Đại Việt]] was considered by the Ming to have produced particularly advanced matchlocks during the 16–17th century, surpassing even Ottoman, Japanese, and European firearms. European observers of the [[Lê–Mạc War]] and later [[Trịnh–Nguyễn War]] also noted the proficiency of matchlock making by the Vietnamese. The Vietnamese matchlock was said to have been able to pierce several layers of iron armour, kill two to five men in one shot, yet also fire quietly for a weapon of its caliber. The Chinese call this weapon as Jiao Chong (交銃, lit. Jiaozhi Arquebus), and noted its similarity to Zhua Wa Chong/Java arquebus.<ref name=":0" />
=== Bali and lesser Sunda Island ===
The hindu inhabitants of Bali and Lombok, being the remnant of Majapahit [[hindus]],<ref name="Schoppert1997">{{cite book|author=Schoppert, P., Damais, S.|title=Java Style|publisher=Periplus Editions|year=1997|isbn=962-593-232-1|editor=Didier Millet|___location=Paris|pages=33–34}}</ref> are famous for their manufacture of matchlock. In [[Alfred Russel Wallace|Alfred Wallace]] saw two guns of their manufacture, 6 and 7 feet (1.8 and 2.1 m) long, with proportionately large bore. The barrels were twisted and finished, with [[silver]] and [[gold]] ornament. For making the long barrel, the natives use 18 inch (46 cm) pieces of barrel which are first bored small, and then welded together upon a straight iron rod. The whole barrel is then worked with borers of gradually increasing size, and in three days the boring is finished.<ref name=":4" />
For firearms using [[Flintlock mechanism|flintlock]] mechanism, the inhabitants of Nusantara archipelago is reliant on Western powers, as no local smith could produce such complex component.<ref name=":4" /> These flintlock firearms are completely different weapon and were known by another name, ''senapan'' or ''senapang'', from Dutch word [[Snaphance|snappan]].<ref name=":2" />
