Climate change mitigation framework: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 16:00, 6 January 2020

Revision as of 20:04, 14 February 2020

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==== Free rider problem ====

Unanimous consensus decision making has presented problems where any small number of countries can block passage of a resolution on what all countries will do to address the issue. Because of this small number of countries that do not want a resolution to the problem, all other countries are faced with the choice to attempt to combat the collective problem unilaterally, or also defect and economically benefit from not allocating the necessary resources to change. This is essentially the [[Free-rider problem|free rider problem]] present in the [[tragedy of the commons]], where the worldsworld's climate is a public, non-rival, non-excludeable good. The free rider problem can be summarized as the issue of a party receiving benefits of a public good without contributing to the cost.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Nordhaus|first=William|date=2015-04-04|title=Climate Clubs: Overcoming Free-riding in International Climate Policy|journal=American Economic Review|language=en|volume=105|issue=4|pages=1339–1370|doi=10.1257/aer.15000001|issn=0002-8282|url=https://www.aeaweb.org/aer/app/10504/presidential2015_app.pdf}}</ref> This often results in the good being overused or damaged by parties who are unable to be excluded from the using the good, resulting in a suboptimal good for everyone.

==== Montreal Protocol ====