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{{further information|Judiciary of Sweden}}
In first- and second-tier Swedish courts, both in the general and the administrative hierarchy, politically appointed lay judges (''{{lang|sv|nämndemän}}'') sit alongside professional judges in district and appellate general and administrative courts, but decide virtually no civil cases.{{sfn|Terrill|2009|pp=248–249}}<ref>[http://www.domstol.se/templates/DV_InfoPage____2367.aspx Courts of Sweden: District court judgment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406041651/http://www.domstol.se/templates/DV_InfoPage____2367.aspx |date=2018-04-06 }}, retrieved on February 1, 2010</ref> Lay judges are always in the majority in [[District courts of Sweden|district courts]], whereas the professional judges are in the majority in the [[Courts of appeal in Sweden|appellate courts]].
[[Municipal assembly (Sweden)|Municipal assemblies]] appoint lay judges for the district courts and the [[County Councils of Sweden|county councils]] appoint lay judges for the appellate and county administrative courts.{{sfn|Terrill|2009|pp=248–249}} They are appointed for a period of 4 years, and may not refuse appointment without valid excuse such as an age of 60 years.{{sfn|Terrill|2009|pp=248–249}} Typically, a lay judge will serve one day per month in court during his or her tenure.
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*Johnson, David T., Early Returns from Japan's New Criminal Trials, [http://www.japanfocus.org/-David_T_-Johnson/3212 The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus], online 9-07-2009
*Anderson & Saint, trans., [https://web.archive.org/web/20110411144830/http://www.hawaii.edu/aplpj/articles/APLPJ_06.1_anderson.pdf An Annotated Translation of Japan's Proposed ''Saiban-In'' Law, Asian-Pacific Law & Policy Journal] (note that the translation differs in some regards from the law as finally enacted).
* Re. history and development of the pre-war jury system: Anna Dobrovolskaia (trans.), The Jury System in Pre-War Japan: An Annotated Translation of “The Jury Guidebook (Baishin Tebiki), Asian-Pacific Law & Policy Journal, vol. 9, no. 2, http://www.hawaii.edu/aplpj/articles/APLPJ_09.2_dobrovolskaia.pdf{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.
*Anderson & Ambler, [http://law.anu.edu.au/anjel/documents/ZJapanR/ZJapanR21_HP07_Anderson%20Ambler.pdf Anu.edu.au]
*Weber, [https://web.archive.org/web/20110715062926/http://www.pennealr.com/media/articles/vol4/EALR4(1)_Weber.pdf Pennealr.com]
== External links ==
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