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The Transition Assistance Program (TAP) provides information, tools and training to ensure service members and their spouses are prepared for the next step in civilian life.
Military to civilian transition occurs within a complex and dynamic network of relationships, programs, services, and benefits, which includes transition planning and assistance efforts by individual Service branches, the interagency TAP partnership, and community resources delivered through local government, private industry, and nonprofit organizations.
In addition to the Military Departments, TAP is the result of an partnership between the Departments of Defense (DoD), [[United States Department of Labor|Labor]] (DOL), [[United States Department of Veterans Affairs|Veterans Affairs]] (VA), [[United States Department of Homeland Security|Homeland Security]] (DHS), [[United States Department of Education|Education]] (ED), the [[United States Office of Personnel Management|U.S. Office of Personnel Management]] (OPM) and the [[Small Business Administration|U.S. Small Business Administration]] (SBA).
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==History==
For the first 150 years of our nation’s history, the government delivered veterans’ benefits and incidental medical care after military service, but largely left service members to navigate their transition on their own. After World War I, Congress established a new system of benefits that included disability compensation and insurance for service members and veterans. During World War II, the government implemented the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944, commonly known as the original GI Bill®.
Over the next four decades, this “bundle of benefits” approach to transition assistance gave transitioning service members and their families support. In the early 1990s, as the U.S. again faced a massive demobilization of the military due to planned post-Cold War reduction that coincided with the end of the Gulf War, Congress recognized the need for a different approach to transition assistance.
The FY 1991 NDAA authorized a program of comprehensive transition assistance counseling for separating service members and their spouses.
In 2011, the Veteran unemployment rate was 12.1 percent, considerably higher than the non-Veteran unemployment rate of 8.7 percent.
This was fueled by the lingering effects of the 2008 global economic crisis along with unique employment challenges faced by Post-9/11 Veterans. Congress responded to this multifaceted crisis by passing the Veterans Opportunity to Work (VOW) to Hire Heroes Act of 2011, which was signed by President Barack Obama on November 21, 2011.
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In response to the VOW Act, interagency partners redesigned TAP into a cohesive, modular, outcomes-based program that standardized transition opportunities, services, and training to better prepare the nation’s Service members to achieve their post military career goals.
Since the VOW Act, the interagency partners, along with other federal agencies, continue to expand transition assistance support based on the ever changing needs of transitioning service members and their families.�
The John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (FY19 NDAA) became public law on August 13, 2018. The bill authorized many changes to the Department of Defense (DoD) Transition Assistance Program (TAP), to be implemented in 2019. The purpose of the program will remain the same, however the TAP process reflected its new requirements beginning October 1, 2019.
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TVPO’s vision is to change Department culture from end-of-service commitment transition planning to a Military Life Cycle (MLC) approach, emphasizing career readiness planning at every step of a service member’s career. In doing so, we ensure mission readiness is maintained, while also sustaining the All-Volunteer Force for both the Active and Reserve Component, as well as strengthening the Nation’s competitiveness in the global economy.
The current Director of TVPO is Tamre Newton.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://prhome.defense.gov/Leadership/tamreNewton/|title=Office of the Under Secretary for Personnel and Readiness > Leadership > tamreNewton|website=prhome.defense.gov|access-date=2019-04-18}}</ref>
TVPO's parent organization is the Defense Personnel and Family Support Center.
==DoDI 1332.35==
On September 26, 2019, the DoD issued an update to the previously released (February 29, 2016) Department of Defense Instruction 1332.35 <ref>https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodi/133235p.pdf?ver=2019-09-26-095932-007</ref> for The Transition Assistance Program for Military Personnel.
==Transition Assistance Curriculum Core Components==
TAP starts no later than 365 days prior to transition for those who are separating or retiring. It is recommended retirees begin the transition process at least two years prior to retirement. In the event of an unanticipated separation or retirement, or a member of the Reserve Component is demobilized with less than 365 days, TAP must begin as soon as possible within the remaining period of service.
==== Individualized Initial Counseling
Individualized Initial Counseling between the service member and a TAP counselor is now the official start to the transition process. During the IC session, service members complete their personal self-assessment and begin the development of their Individual Transition Plan (ITP) to identify their unique needs of the transition process and post-transition goals.
==== Pre-separation Counseling
Once the individualized IC is complete, pre-separation counseling commences. Pre-separation counseling, just like IC, must start no later than 365 days prior to transition. Pre-separation counseling covers by-law information to include benefits, entitlements and resources for eligible transitioning service members. Caregivers and spouses are especially encouraged to attend pre-separation counseling with their service member.
==== The DoD Transition Day
The DoD Transition Day follows pre-separation counseling, and is mandatory for transitioning service members.
* Managing Your (MY) Transition—provides service members with an understanding of the importance of preparing for their transition from military service into the civilian sector and provides an overview of the Transition Assistance Program curriculum. The “less obvious” topics of transition, such as personal and family transition concerns, the differences in the culture of civilian and military workplaces, transition-related stressors, and the importance of effective communication during the transition process are introduced. The course concludes with the presentation of both military and civilian resources that can provide support during and after transition to ensure a successful transition experience for military personnel and their family members.
* Military Occupational Code (MOC) Crosswalk—demonstrates how to translate military skills, training, and experience into civilian credentialing appropriate for civilian jobs. Service members will document their military career experience and skills, translate their military occupation experience to civilian sector occupations and skills, and identify any gaps in their training and/or experience that need to be filled to meet their personal career goals.
* Financial Planning for Transition—builds on the financial training provided during the military life cycle and helps service members understand how transition will impact their financial situation by discussing the change in income, taxes, healthcare costs, new expenses, and other financial changes related to transition. Online tools are used to calculate the military-to-civilian income equivalent and to research the cost-of-living for at least two geographical locations. Throughout the course, service members have the opportunity to develop or update a spending plan.
==== VA Benefits and Services
VA Benefits and Services is a one-day interactive briefing designed to enable transitioning Service members (TSMs) to make informed decisions regarding the use of VA benefits. The program supports each TSM to better understand VA benefits and programs based on their needs and where they are in their transition journey. It is designed around the understanding that no two transitions are the same. Each module builds upon the prior modules and highlights real stories and examples from Service members who have already transitioned from military to civilian life. Critical areas covered include: disability benefits and compensation; memorial and burial benefits; education and economic support; housing benefits; and health care options, including both physical and emotional health needs.
==== Department of Labor Employment Fundamentals of Career Transition
The Department of Labor Employment Fundamentals of Career Transition lays the foundation of the transition from military to civilian life. This workshop provides an introduction to the essential tools and resources needed to evaluate career options, gain information for civilian employment, and understand the fundamentals of the employment process.
==== Service Member Elected Tracks
The TAP also include a service member election of two-days of instruction; these include the: DOL Employment Track, DOL Vocational Track, DoD Education Track, and the Small Business Administration Entrepreneurship Track. Transitioning service members must elect at least one track, but may attend more than one based on their ITP and post-transition goals.
==== Capstone
The Capstone event, which is the culminating event where commanders verify achievement of career readiness standards and a viable ITP, must happen no later than 90 days before separation or released from active duty. Capstone remains the culminating event for TAP.
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==External links==
* [http://www.dodtap.mil], the Department of Defense portal for information on the Transition Assistance Program
* [https://jkodirect.jten.mil] JKO, the DoD-sponsored, Joint Staff training portal providing distributed learning access to Web-based joint courses
* [https://www.ebenefits.va.gov/], a joint VA/DoD web portal that provides resources and self-service capabilities to veterans, service members, and their families
*[http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/133235p.pdf], DoDI 1332.35
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[[Category:American veterans' organizations]]
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