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{{short description|A fully coupled numerical simulation of Earth systems}}
The '''Community Earth System Model''' ('''CESM''') is a fully coupled [[Mathematical model|numerical]] [[Computer simulation|simulation]] of the [[Earth system science|Earth system]] consisting of [[Atmospheric model|atmospheric]], ocean, [[CICE (sea ice model)|ice]], land surface, [[carbon cycle]], and other components. CESM includes a [[climate model]] providing state-of-art simulations of the Earth's past, present, and future.<ref name="CESM">{{cite journal |last = Hurrell |first = James W. |author2=M. M. Holland |author3=P. R. Gent |title = The Community Earth System Model: A Framework for Collaborative Research |journal =[[Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society]] |volume = 94 |issue = 9 |pages = 1339–60 |date = 2013 |doi = 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00121.1 |bibcode = 2013BAMS...94.1339H }}</ref> It is the successor of the [[Community Climate System Model]] (CCSM), specifically version 4 (CCSMv4), which provided the initial atmospheric component for CESM. Strong [[ensemble forecasting]] capabilities, CESM-LE (CESM-Large Ensemble), were developed at the onset to control for error and biases across different model runs (realizations).<ref>{{cite journal |last = Kay |first = J. E. |title = The Community Earth System Model (CESM) Large Ensemble Project: A Community Resource for Studying Climate Change in the Presence of Internal Climate Variability |journal = Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. |volume = 96|issue = 8|pages = 1333–1349|date = 2014 |doi = 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00255.1 |display-authors=etal|bibcode = 2015BAMS...96.1333K }}</ref> Simulations from the [[Earth's surface]] through the [[thermosphere]] are generated utilizing the [[Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model]] (WACCM). CESM1 was released in 2010 with primary development by the Climate and Global Dynamics Division (CGD) of the [[National Center for Atmospheric Research]] (NCAR), and significant funding by the [[National Science Foundation]] (NSF) and the [[United States Department of Energy|Department of Energy]] (DoE).<ref>[https://www2.cesm.ucar.edu/models CESM: Models] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411061405/http://www2.cesm.ucar.edu/models |date=2015-04-11 }}</ref>
==See also==
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