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[[File:GA-Multi-modal.ogv|thumbtime=1|thumb |350px |alt= Finding multiple optima using Genetic Algorithms in a Multi-modal optimization task| Finding multiple optima using genetic algorithms in a multi-modal optimization task. (The algorithm demonstrated in this demo is the one proposed by Deb, Saha in the multi-objective approach to multimodal optimization.)]]
== Multimodal optimization using DE ==
The niching methods used in GAs have also been explored with success in the DE community. DE based local selection and global selection approaches have also been attempted for solving multi-modal problems. DE's coupled with local search algorithms (Memetic DE) have been explored as an approach to solve multi-modal problems.
For a comprehensive treatment of multimodal optimization methods in DE, refer the Ph.D thesis Ronkkonen, J. (2009). ''Continuous Multimodal Global Optimization with Differential Evolution Based Methods''.<ref>Ronkkonen,J., (2009). [https://oa.doria.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/50498/isbn%209789522148520.pdf Continuous Multimodal Global Optimization with Differential Evolution Based Methods] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225150016/https://oa.doria.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/50498/isbn%209789522148520.pdf |date=2014-12-25 }}</ref>
== Multimodal optimization using FOA==
Forest Optimization Algorithm has been extended to multimodal from using the niching method. The basic Sequential Algorithmic Scheme has been applied to clustering population for dividing it into many sub-population <ref>M. Orujpour, et. al (2019),[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00521-019-04113-z] Multi-modal forest optimization algorithm</ref>.
== References ==
* C. Stoean, M. Preuss, R. Stoean, D. Dumitrescu (2010) [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=5491155 Multimodal Optimization by means of a Topological Species Conservation Algorithm]. In IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, Vol. 14, Issue 6, pages 842–864, 2010.
* S. Das, S. Maity, B-Y Qu, P. N. Suganthan, "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221065021100023X Real-parameter evolutionary multimodal optimization — A survey of the state-of-the-art]", Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 71–88, Swarm and Evolutionary Computation, June 2011.
* M. Orujpour, M-R. Feizi-Derakhshi, T. Rahkar Farshi (2019) [https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-019-04113-z], Multi-modal forest optimization algorithm. Neural Computing and Applications]
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