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The Portuguese found various gunpowder weapons after the [[Capture of Malacca (1511)|1511 conquest of Malacca]]. It is known that the Malays of Malacca obtained arms from Java.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Crawfurd|first=John|title=A Descriptive Dictionary of the Indian Islands and Adjacent Countries|publisher=Bradbury and Evans|year=1856|isbn=|___location=|pages=}}</ref>{{Rp|21-22}}
[[Joao de Barros]] described a scene of the conquest in ''Da Asia'':<ref>{{Cite book|last=de Barros|first=João|title=Primeira decada da Asia|publisher=|year=1552|isbn=|___location=Lisboa|pages=}}</ref><ref name=":2" /><blockquote>"As soon as the junk had passed the sand-bank and had come to an anchor, a short way from the bridge, the Moorish artillery opened a fire on her. Some guns discharged leadballs at intervals, which passed through both sides of the vessel, doing much execution among the crew. In the heat of the action Antonio d'Abreu, the commander, was struck in the cheek from a fusil (''espingardão''), carrying off the greater number of his teeth." </blockquote>The matchlocks that shoot through both sides of their vessel, had very long barrel and were 18 mm in caliber.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/fine-malay-matchlock-musket|title=Fine Malay matchlock musket {{!}} Mandarin Mansion|website=www.mandarinmansion.com|language=en|access-date=2020-02-10}}</ref>
Historian [[Fernão Lopes de Castanheda]] mentions matchlocks (''espingardão'' - large ''espingarda'' / arquebus), he says that they threw balls, some of stone, and some of iron covered with lead.<ref>{{Cite book|last=de Castanheda|first=Fernão Lopes|title=História do descobrimento & conquista da India pelos portugueses|publisher=|year=1552|isbn=|___location=Coimbra|pages=}}</ref><ref name=":2" />{{Rp|22}} The son of [[Afonso de Albuquerque]] mentioned the armament of Malacca: There are large matchlocks, poisoned blowing tubes, bows, arrows, armour-plated dresses, Javanese lances, and other sorts of weapons.<ref>{{Cite book|last=The son of Afonso de Albuquerque|title=Comentários de Afonso de Albuquerque|publisher=|year=1557|isbn=|___location=Lisboa|pages=}}</ref> After Malacca was taken by the Portuguese, they captured 3000 of the 5000 muskets which had been furnished from Java.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Egerton|first=W.|title=An Illustrated Handbook of Indian Arms|publisher=W.H. Allen|year=1880|isbn=|___location=|pages=}}</ref>{{Rp|96}}
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