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**** A subfield of [[computational linguistics]] – interdisciplinary field dealing with the statistical or rule-based modeling of natural language from a computational perspective.
** An application of [[engineering]] – science, skill, and profession of acquiring and applying scientific, economic, social, and practical knowledge, in order to design and also build structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes.
*** An application of [[software engineering]] – application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the design, development, operation, and maintenance of software, and the study of these approaches; that is, the application of engineering to software.<ref name="BoDu04">[[Software Engineering Body of Knowledge|SWEBOK]] {{Cite book| editors = Pierre Bourque and Robert Dupuis | title = Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge - 2004 Version | publisher = [[IEEE Computer Society]] | year = 2004 | pages =
| last = ACM
| year = 2006
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* [[Speech synthesis#History|History of speech synthesis]]
* [[Turing test]] – test of a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior, equivalent to or indistinguishable from, that of an actual human. In the original illustrative example, a human judge engages in a natural language conversation with a human and a machine designed to generate performance indistinguishable from that of a human being. All participants are separated from one another. If the judge cannot reliably tell the machine from the human, the machine is said to have passed the test. The test was introduced by Alan Turing in his 1950 paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence," which opens with the words: "I propose to consider the question, 'Can machines think?'"
* [[Universal grammar]] – theory in [[linguistics]], usually credited to [[Noam Chomsky]], proposing that the ability to learn grammar is hard-wired into the brain.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/capsules/outil_rouge06.html|title=Tool Module:
* [[ALPAC]] – was a committee of seven scientists led by John R. Pierce, established in 1964 by the U. S. Government in order to evaluate the progress in computational linguistics in general and machine translation in particular. Its report, issued in 1966, gained notoriety for being very skeptical of research done in machine translation so far, and emphasizing the need for basic research in computational linguistics; this eventually caused the U. S. Government to reduce its funding of the topic dramatically.
* [[Conceptual dependency theory]] – a model of natural language understanding used in artificial intelligence systems. [[Roger Schank]] at Stanford University introduced the model in 1969, in the early days of artificial intelligence.<ref>[[Roger Schank]], 1969, ''A conceptual dependency parser for natural language'' Proceedings of the 1969 conference on Computational linguistics, Sång-Säby, Sweden pages 1-3</ref> This model was extensively used by Schank's students at Yale University such as Robert Wilensky, Wendy Lehnert, and Janet Kolodner.
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| url = http://www.foo.be/docs/tpj/issues/vol3_2/tpj0302-0002.html
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*[[Negobot]], a bot designed to catch online pedophiles by posing as a young girl and attempting to elicit personal details from people it speaks to.<ref>{{cite
== Natural language processing organizations ==
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