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{{short description|Exopeptidase enzyme that acts on angiotensin I and II}}
{{Infobox_gene}}
'''Angiotensin converting enzyme 2''' ('''ACE2''')<ref name="NCBI_ACE2">{{cite web|title=Gene: ACE2, angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 |work=[[National Center for Biotechnology Information]] (NCBI) |publisher=U.S. National Library of Medicine | date=2020-02-28 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/59272 }}</ref> is an [[enzyme]] attached to the outer surface ([[cell membrane]]s) of cells in the lungs, arteries, heart, kidney, and intestines.<ref name="Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hamming I, Timens W, Bulthuis ML, Lely AT, Navis G, van Goor H | title = Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis | journal = The Journal of Pathology | volume = 203 | issue = 2 | pages = 631–7 | date = June 2004 | pmid = 15141377 | doi = 10.1002/path.1570 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Donoghue M, Hsieh F, Baronas E, Godbout K, Gosselin M, Stagliano N, Donovan M, Woolf B, Robison K, Jeyaseelan R, Breitbart RE, and Acton S | title = A Novel Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme–Related Carboxypeptidase (ACE2) Converts Angiotensin I to Angiotensin 1-9 | journal = Circulation Research | volume = 87 | issue = 5 | pages = e1–e9 | date = 1 Sep 2000 | pmid = 10969042 | doi = 10.1161/01.RES.87.5.e1 }}</ref> ACE2 lowers blood pressure by catalysing the cleavage of [[angiotensin II]] (a [[vasoconstrictor]] peptide) into [[Angiotensin (1-7)|angiotensin (1–7)]] (a [[vasodilator]]).<ref name="pmid17049503">{{cite journal | vauthors = Keidar S, Kaplan M, Gamliel-Lazarovich A | title = ACE2 of the heart: From angiotensin I to angiotensin (1-7) | journal = Cardiovascular Research | volume = 73 | issue = 3 | pages = 463–9 | date = February 2007 | pmid = 17049503 | doi = 10.1016/j.cardiores.2006.09.006 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wang W, McKinnie SM, Farhan M, Paul M, McDonald T, McLean B, Llorens-Cortes C, Hazra S, Murray AG, Vederas JC, Oudit GY | display-authors = 6 | title = Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Metabolizes and Partially Inactivates Pyr-Apelin-13 and Apelin-17: Physiological Effects in the Cardiovascular System | journal = Hypertension | volume = 68 | issue = 2 | pages = 365–77 | date = August 2016 | pmid = 27217402 | doi = 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06892 }}</ref><ref name="pmid10969042">{{cite journal | vauthors = Donoghue M, Hsieh F, Baronas E, Godbout K, Gosselin M, Stagliano N, Donovan M, Woolf B, Robison K, Jeyaseelan R, Breitbart RE, Acton S | display-authors = 6 | title = A novel angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) converts angiotensin I to angiotensin 1–9 | journal = Circulation Research | volume = 87 | issue = 5 | pages = E1–9 | date = September 2000 | pmid = 10969042 | doi = 10.1161/01.res.87.5.e1 }}</ref> ACE2 also serves as the entry point into cells for some [[coronaviruses]].<ref name="NCBI_ACE2"/> The human version of the enzyme is often known as '''hACE2'''.
ACE2 counters the activity of the related [[angiotensin-converting enzyme]] (ACE) by reducing the amount of angiotensin-II and increasing Ang(1-7)<ref name="Chamsi-Pasha_2014_2">{{cite journal | vauthors = Chamsi-Pasha MA, Shao Z, Tang WH | title = Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as a therapeutic target for heart failure | journal = Current Heart Failure Reports | volume = 11 | issue = 1 | pages = 58–63 | date = March 2014 | pmid = 24293035 | pmc = 3944399 | doi = 10.1007/s11897-013-0178-0 | publisher = Springer Science and Business Media LLC | quote = The discovery of ACE2 and its role in counteracting the effect of Ang-II through Ang(1-7) formation...An imbalance in ACE2/Ang-(1–7) and ACE/Ang-II axes is critical in the development of cardiovascular diseases. The central role of ACE2, therefore, appears to counter ACE activity by reducing Ang-II bioavailability and increasing Ang(1-7) formation...The use of RAS-modulating agents and molecules as novel therapeutic agents in hypertension and cardiovascular therapeutic research. }}</ref> making it a promising drug target for treating [[cardiovascular disease]]s.<ref name="Chamsi-Pasha_2014">{{cite journal | vauthors = Chamsi-Pasha MA, Shao Z, Tang WH | title = Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as a therapeutic target for heart failure | journal = Current Heart Failure Reports | volume = 11 | issue = 1 | pages = 58–63 | date = March 2014 | pmid = 24293035 | pmc = 3944399 | doi = 10.1007/s11897-013-0178-0 | publisher = Springer Science and Business Media LLC | quote = Studies with recombinant human ACE2 (rhACE2) have shown beneficial cardiac effects [18, 36]. rhACE2 has anti-fibrotic properties and can attenuate effect on systolic and diastolic dysfunction, presumably via Ang-II inhibition . }}</ref><ref name="Mascolo_2020">{{cite journal | vauthors = Mascolo A, Urbanek K, De Angelis A, Sessa M, Scavone C, Berrino L, Rosano GM, Capuano A, Rossi F | display-authors = 6 | title = Angiotensin II and angiotensin 1-7: which is their role in atrial fibrillation? | journal = Heart Failure Reviews | volume = 25 | issue = 2 | pages = 367–380 | date = March 2020 | pmid = 31375968 | doi = 10.1007/s10741-019-09837-7 | publisher = Springer Science and Business Media LLC | quote = the possibility of using the A1-7 or ACE2 analogues, to enlarge current therapeutic options for AF, may represent an important field of research. }}</ref>
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