Logical form: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 20:32, 11 April 2020

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According to the followers of Aristotle like [[Ammonius Hermiae|Ammonius]], only the logical principles stated in schematic terms belong to logic, and not those given in concrete terms. The concrete terms ''man'', ''mortal'', etc., are analogous to the substitution values of the schematic placeholders 'A', 'B', 'C', which were called the 'matter' (Greek ''hyle'', Latin ''materia'') of the argument.

The term "logical form" itself was introduced by [[Bertrand Russell]] in 1914, in the context of his program to formalize natural language and reasoning, which he called [[philosophical logic]]. Russell wrote: "Some kind of knowledge of logical forms, though with most people it is not explicit, is involved in all understanding of discourse. It is the business of philosophical logic to extract this knowledge from its concrete integuments, and to render it explicit and pure."<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=SsY9g_DDA9MC&pg=PA53 Russell, Bertrand. 1914(1993). Our Knowledge of the External World: as a field for scientific method in philosophy. New York: Routledge. p. 53]</ref><ref name="PreyerPeter2002">{{cite book |editor=Gerhard Preyer |editor2=Georg Peter |title=Logical form and language |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ioVFUN8yd9QC&pg=PA54 |year=2002 |publisher=Clarendon Press |isbn=978-0-19-924555-0 |page=54 |chapter=What is logical form? |author=Ernie Lepore |author2=Kirk Ludwig}} [http://www.indiana.edu/~socrates/papers/What%20is%20Logical%20Form.pdf preprint]</ref>

<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=SsY9g_DDA9MC&pg=PA53 Russell, Bertrand. 1914(1993). Our Knowledge of the External World: as a field for scientific method in philosophy. New York: Routledge. p. 53]</ref><ref name="PreyerPeter2002">{{cite book |editor=Gerhard Preyer |editor2=Georg Peter |title=Logical form and language |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ioVFUN8yd9QC&pg=PA54 |year=2002 |publisher=Clarendon Press |isbn=978-0-19-924555-0 |page=54 |chapter=What is logical form? |author=Ernie Lepore |author2=Kirk Ludwig}} [http://www.indiana.edu/~socrates/papers/What%20is%20Logical%20Form.pdf preprint]</ref>

In artificial intelligence, logical forms have been used in [[semantic parser]]s for [[natural language understanding]].<ref name="Ovchinnikova2012">{{cite book|author=Ekaterina Ovchinnikova|title=Integration of World Knowledge for Natural Language Understanding|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jfJUHOncFzkC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=%22logical%20form%22&f=false|date=15 February 2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-94-91216-53-4}}</ref>