Fixed-field alternating gradient accelerator: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 22:42, 14 April 2020

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The major advantage offered by a VFFA design over a FFA design is that the path-length is held constant between particles with different energies and therefore relativistic particles travel [[Cyclotron#Isochronous cyclotron|isochronously]]. Isochronicity of the revolution period enables continuous beam operation, therefore offering the same advantage in power that isochronous cyclotrons have over [[synchrocyclotron]]s. Isochronous accelerators have no [[longitudinal focusing|longitudinal beam focusing]], but this is not a strong limitation in accelerators with rapid ramp rates typically used in FFA designs.

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==Status==

In the 1990s, researchers at the KEK particle physics laboratory near Tokyo began developing the FFA concept, culminating in a 150 MeV machine in 2003. A non-scaling machine, dubbed PAMELA, to accelerate both protons and carbon nuclei for cancer therapy has been designed.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Peach|first1=K|title=Conceptual design of a nonscaling fixed field alternating gradient accelerator for protons and carbon ions for charged particle therapy|journal=Phys Rev ST Accel Beams|date=11 March 2013|volume=16|issue=3|pages=030101|doi=10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.16.030101|bibcode=2013PhRvS..16c0101P|doi-access=free}}</ref> Meanwhile, an ADSR operating at 100 MeV was demonstrated in Japan in March 2009 at the Kyoto University Critical Assembly (KUCA), achieving "sustainable nuclear reactions" with the [[critical assembly]]'s control rods inserted into the reactor core to damp it below criticality.

==Further reading==