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=== Low-level feature information ===
[[High- and low-level|Low-level]] ensemble coding has been observed in various psychophysical areas of research. For example, people accurately perceive the average size of objects,<ref name="Chong_2003" /> motion direction of grouped dots,<ref name=":2">{{cite journal | vauthors = Watamaniuk SN, Sekuler R, Williams DW | title = Direction perception in complex dynamic displays: the integration of direction information | journal = Vision Research | volume = 29 | issue = 1 | pages = 47–59 | date = 1989-01-01 | pmid = 2773336 | doi = 10.1016/0042-6989(89)90173-9 }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{cite journal | vauthors = Watamaniuk SN, McKee SP | title = Simultaneous encoding of direction at a local and global scale | journal = Perception & Psychophysics | volume = 60 | issue = 2 | pages = 191–200 | date = February 1998 | pmid = 9529903 | doi = 10.3758/BF03206028 | doi-access = free }}</ref> number,<ref name="Halberda_2006" /> line orientation,<ref name="Dakin_1997" /> and spatial ___location.<ref name="Alvarez_2008" /><ref name="Whitney_2014" />
=== High-level feature information ===
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Based on the early work of Anderson,<ref name=":1" /> it appears that humans integrate semantic as well as social information using ensemble coding. These findings suggest that social processes may hinge on the same sort of underlying mechanisms that allow people to perceive average object orientation <ref name="Dakin_1997" /> and average object direction of motion.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name="Haberman_2012" />
In recent years, ensemble coding in the field of [[social vision]] has emerged. Social vision is a field of research that examines how people perceive one another. With the addition of ensemble coding, the field is able to explore people perception, or how people perceive groups of other people. This specific research area focuses on how observers accurately perceive and extract social information from groups and how that extracted information influences downstream judgments and behaviors.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Goodale|first=Brianna M.|last2=Alt|first2=Nicholas P.|last3=Lick|first3=David J.|last4=Johnson|first4=Kerri L.|date=November 2018|title=Groups at a glance: Perceivers infer social belonging in a group based on perceptual summaries of sex ratio.|journal=Journal of Experimental Psychology: General|language=en|volume=147|issue=11|pages=1660–1676|doi=10.1037/xge0000450|pmid=30372114|issn=1939-2222|doi-access=free}}</ref> In 2018, seminal research introducing the use ensemble coding in the field of social vision was conducted by Briana Goodale. Goodale's research found that humans can accurately extract sex ratio summaries from ensembles of faces and that this sex ratio provides an early visual cue signaling sense of belonging and fit within group.<ref name=":4" /> Specifically, this research found that participants felt a stronger sense of belonging to a given ensemble as members of their own sex increased in the perceived ensemble.<ref name=":4" />
Additional research has uncovered that in as little as 75 milliseconds, participants are able to derive the average sex ratio of an ensemble of faces.<ref name=":5" /> Furthermore, within that 75 milliseconds, participants were able to form impressions based on the perceived sex ratio and make inferences about the group's perceived threat.<ref name=":5" /> Specifically, this research found that groups were judged as more threatening as the ratio of men to women increased.<ref name=":5" />
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