Cantor function: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Cantor function sequence.png|250px|right]]
 
Below we define a sequence {''&fnof;f''<sub>''n''</sub>} of functions on the unit interval that converges to the Cantor function.
 
Let ''&fnof;f''<sub>0</sub>(''x'') = ''x''.
 
Then, for every integer {{nowrap|''n'' &ge; 0}}, the next function ''&fnof;f''<sub>''n''+1</sub>(''x'') will be defined in terms of ''&fnof;f''<sub>''n''</sub>(''x'') as follows:
 
Let ''&fnof;f''<sub>''n''+1</sub>(''x'')&nbsp;= {{nowrap|1/2 &times; ''&fnof;f''<sub>''n''</sub>(3''x'')}},&nbsp; when {{nowrap|0 ≤ ''x'' ≤ 1/3&thinsp;}};
 
Let ''&fnof;f''<sub>''n''+1</sub>(''x'')&nbsp;= 1/2,&nbsp; when {{nowrap|1/3 ≤ ''x'' ≤ 2/3&thinsp;}};
 
Let ''&fnof;f''<sub>''n''+1</sub>(''x'')&nbsp;= {{nowrap|1/2 + 1/2 &times; ''&fnof;f''<sub>''n''</sub>(3&thinsp;''x'' &minus; 2)}},&nbsp; when {{nowrap|2/3 ≤ ''x'' ≤ 1}}.
 
The three definitions are compatible at the end-points 1/3 and 2/3, because ''&fnof;f''<sub>''n''</sub>(0)&nbsp;= 0 and ''&fnof;f''<sub>''n''</sub>(1)&nbsp;= 1 for every&nbsp;''n'', by induction. One may check that ''&fnof;f''<sub>''n''</sub> converges pointwise to the Cantor function defined above. Furthermore, the convergence is uniform. Indeed, separating into three cases, according to the definition of ''&fnof;f''<sub>''n''+1</sub>, one sees that
 
:<math>\max_{x \in [0, 1]} |f_{n+1}(x) - f_n(x)| \le \frac 1 2 \, \max_{x \in [0, 1]} |f_{n}(x) - f_{n-1}(x)|, \quad n \ge 1.</math>
 
If ''&fnof;f'' denotes the limit function, it follows that, for every ''n''&nbsp;&ge;&nbsp;0,
 
:<math>\max_{x \in [0, 1]} |f(x) - f_n(x)| \le 2^{-n+1} \, \max_{x \in [0, 1]} |f_1(x) - f_0(x)|.</math>
 
Also the choice of starting function does not really matter, provided ''&fnof;f''<sub>0</sub>(0)&nbsp;= 0, ''&fnof;f''<sub>0</sub>(1)&nbsp;= 1 and ''&fnof;f''<sub>0</sub> is [[Bounded function|bounded]]{{citation needed|date=September 2014}}.
 
=== Fractal volume ===