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'''indecs'''<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://cordis.europa.eu/econtent/mmrcs/indecs.htm |title = CORDIS | European Commission}}</ref> (an acronym of "[[interoperability]] of data in [[e-commerce]] systems"; written in lower case) was a project partly funded by the [[European Community]] ''Info 2000'' initiative and by several organisations representing the music, rights, text publishing, authors, library and other sectors in 1998-2000, which has since been used in a number of [[metadata]] activities. A final report and related documents were published; the indecs Metadata Framework document<ref>http://www.doi.org/topics/indecs/indecs_framework_2000.pdf "Principles, model and data dictionary"</ref> is a concise summary.
indecs provided an analysis of the requirements for metadata for e-commerce of [[Content (media and publishing)|content]] ([[intellectual property]]) in the network environment, focusing on [[semantic interoperability]]. Semantic interoperability deals with the question of how one computer system knows what the terms from another computer system mean (e.g. if A says "owner" and B says "owner", are they referring to the same thing? If A says "released" and B says "disseminated", do they mean different things?).
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* [https://www.doi.org/ DOI] [[Digital Object Identifier]] System metadata schemes
One of the deliverables of the indecs project was a specification for a Directory of Parties. This led to a subsequent project, Interparty,<ref>http://www.interparty.org</ref> funded under the European Commission's Information Society Technologies Programme, to design and specify a network to support interoperability of party identification (for both natural and corporate names) across different domains, building on the indecs principles. InterParty was not proposed as a replacement for existing schemes for the identification of participants in the intellectual property ___domain (e.g. national library name authority files or systems oriented towards the needs of rights licensing) but as a means of effecting their interoperation. Some of its conclusions have been used elsewhere, e.g. in the work on the proposed ISO ISNI<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://isni.org/ |title = ISNI}}</ref> (International Standard Name Identifier).
Other developments are continuing, notably through the OntologyX semantic engineering tools and services from [http://www.rightscom.com Rightscom]. The approach also has much in common with the [https://web.archive.org/web/20090123213151/http://cidoc.ics.forth.gr/index.html CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (CRM)], an ontology for cultural heritage information, and the [[Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records]] (FRBR) model in the library world.
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