Plains Apache language: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 16:54, 2 May 2020

Revision as of 17:28, 2 May 2020

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The '''Plains Apache''' language (or '''Kiowa Apache''' language) is a [[Southern Athabaskan languages|Southern Athabaskan language]] formerly spoken by the [[Plains Apache]], organized as the [[Apache Tribe of Oklahoma]], living primarily around [[Anadarko, Oklahoma|Anadarko]] in southwest [[Oklahoma]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Everett |first1=Dianna |title=Apache Tribe of Oklahoma |url=https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=AP002 |website=The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture |publisher=Oklahoma Historical Society |accessdate=20 January 2020}}</ref> The language is [[extinct language|extinct]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Glottolog 4.2.1 - Kiowa Apache|url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/kiow1264|website=glottolog.org|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref> as of 2008, when Alfred Chalepah, Jr., the last native speaker, died.

Plains Apache is the most divergent member of the Southern Athabaskan languages, a family which also includes [[Navajo language|Navajo]], [[Chiricahua language|Chiricahua Apache]], [[Mescalero language|Mescalero Apache]], [[Lipan Apache language|Lipan Apache]], [[Western Apache language|Western Apache]], and [[Jicarilla Apache language|Jicarilla Apache]]. As a member of the broader Athabaskan family, it has an extremely complex system of verbal morphology, often enabling entire sentences to be constructed with only a verb.

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:{{interlinear| lang = apk

|Šàyédíʔą̀ą̀|ši-a-yi-dí-∅-∅-ʔą̀ą̀|1SG.OBJ-PP-3OBJ-PFV-3SBJ-CLF-give

|'He gives it to me'}}

|'He gives it to me'}}In this case, ''ši''- is the indirect object prefix in slot 1, -''a''- is the postposition in slot 2, -''yi''- is the direct object prefix in slot 7, -''dí''- is the modal prefix in slot 11, slots 12 and 13 are occupied by zero morphemes, and ''ʔą̀ą̀'' is the stem in slot 14. All other slots are empty.

The above example displays the zero classifier. Following is an example of a fully inflected verb with the ''ł''- classifier prefix:

:{{interlinear| lang = apk

|Šìgółbèèš|ši-go-∅-∅-ł-bèèš|1SG.OBJ-NUM-IPFV-3SBJ-CLF-boil

|'They two are boiling me'}}

== Syntax ==

{{Main|Southern Athabascan grammar#Typological overview}}

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|Dèènáá kóó ʔíłbééš

|dèènáá kóó ʔí-ł-bééš

|man water INDEF-CLCLF-boil

|'The man boils water'}}