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Multitier programming is a programming paradigm for [[Distributed computing|distributed software]]. In multitier programming, the functionalities that belong to multiple ''tiers'' (e.g., the client, the server and the database in a Web application) are part of the same compilation unit and are developed in the same programming language. In contrast, traditionally, tiers are developed using different languages, e.g., [[JavaScript]] for the Web client, [[PHP]] for the Web server and [[SQL]] for the database. The first multitier programming languages include Links.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Cooper|first=Ezra|date=2006|title=Links: Web Programming Without Tiers.|url=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/fmco/CooperLWY06.html|pages=266–296|doi=10.1007/978-3-540-74792-5_12}}</ref> and Hop<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Serrano|first=Manuel|date=2012|title=Multitier programming in Hop.|url=https://dblp.org/rec/journals/cacm/SerranoB12.html|journal=Commun. ACM|volume=55|issue=8|pages=53–59|doi=10.1145/2240236.2240253}}</ref>
== Example ==
As an example, we show an Echo client–server application: The client sends a message to the server and the server returns the same message to the client, where it is appended to a list of received messages. The application is simple and self-contained, and – despite all the limitations of short and synthetic examples – it gives us the chance to demonstrate di erent MT languages side by side.
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fun echo(item) server {
item
}
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== List of multitier programming languages ==
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