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===Early Java applets===
The ability to embed [[Java applet]]s into browsers (starting with [[Netscape Navigator 2]].0 in March 1996<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www27.netscape.com/comprod/products/navigator/version_2.0/index.html |title=Netscape.com |accessdate=2017-08-16 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19961115203505/http://www27.netscape.com/comprod/products/navigator/version_2.0/index.html |archivedate=November 15, 1996 }}</ref>) made two-way sustained communications possible, using a raw [[Transmission Control Protocol|TCP]] socket<ref>[http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/docs/api/java/net/Socket.html "java.net.Socket (Java 2 Platform SE v1.4.2)"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090519063251/http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/docs/api/java/net/Socket.html |date=May 19, 2009 }}</ref> to communicate between the browser and the server. This socket can remain open as long as the browser is at the document hosting the applet. Event notifications can be sent in any format{{snd}} text or binary{{snd}} and decoded by the applet.
===The first browser-to-browser communication framework===
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