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Organization is key to memory encoding. Researchers have discovered that our minds naturally organize information if the information received is not organized.<ref name=":3" /> One natural way information can be organized is through hierarchies.<ref name=":3" /> For example, the grouping mammals, reptiles, and amphibians is a hierarchy of the animal kingdom.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last=Schunk, Dale H.|title=Learning theories : an educational perspective|date=2012|publisher=Pearson|isbn=978-0-13-707195-1|edition=6th|___location=Boston|oclc=688559444}}</ref>
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===Mnemonics===
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{{main|Self-reference effect}}
Research illustrates that the self-reference effect aids encoding.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Klein|first=Stanley B.|date=2012-01-30|title=Self, Memory, and the Self-Reference Effect: An Examination of Conceptual and Methodological Issues|journal=Personality and Social Psychology Review|language=en|volume=16|issue=3|pages=283–300|doi=10.1177/1088868311434214|pmid=22291045|issn=1088-8683}}</ref> The [[self-reference effect]] is the idea that individuals will encode information more effectively if they can personally relate to the information.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Kesebir|first=Selin|last2=Oishi|first2=Shigehiro|date=2010-09-20|title=A Spontaneous Self-Reference Effect in Memory: Why Some Birthdays Are Harder to Remember Than Others|journal=Psychological Science|language=en|volume=21|issue=10|pages=1525–1531|doi=10.1177/0956797610383436|pmid=20855903|issn=0956-7976}}</ref> For example, some people may claim that some birth dates of family members and friends are easier to remember than others. Some researchers claim this may be due to the self-reference effect.<ref name=":2" /> For example, some birth dates are easier for individuals to [[Recall (memory)|recall]] if the date is close to their own birth date or any other dates they deem important, such as anniversary dates.<ref name=":2" />
Research has shown that after being encoded, self-reference effect is more effective when it comes to recalling memory than semantic encoding.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|last=Klein|first=Stanley B.|last2=Kihlstrom|first2=John F.|date=1986|title=Elaboration, organization, and the self-reference effect in memory.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.115.1.26|journal=Journal of Experimental Psychology: General|volume=115|issue=1|pages=26–38|doi=10.1037/0096-3445.115.1.26|issn=1939-2222}}</ref> As researchers have found that the self-reference effect goes more hand and hand with elaborative rehearsal.<ref name=":8" /> Which elaborative rehearsal is more often than not, found to have a positive correlation with the improvement of retrieving information from memories.<ref name=":7" /> Then being compared to other methods such as semantic encoding.<ref name=":8" /> Also, it's important to know that studies have concluded that self-reference effect can be used to encode information among all ages.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|last=Gutchess|first=Angela H.|last2=Kensinger|first2=Elizabeth A.|last3=Yoon|first3=Carolyn|last4=Schacter|first4=Daniel L.|date=November 2007
=== Salience ===
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