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When one considers the possibility that the measured primordial Lithium abundance is correct and based on the [[Standard Model]] of particle physics and the standard cosmology, the lithium problem implies errors in the BBN light element predictions. Although standard BBN rests on well-determined physics, the weak and strong interactions are complicated for BBN and therefore might be the weak point in standard BBN calculation.<ref name="fields11" />
Firstly, incorrect or missing reactions could give rise to the lithium problem. For incorrect reactions, major thoughts lie within revision to [[cross section (physics)|cross section]] errors and standard thermonuclear rates according to recent studies.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Angulo|first=C.|last2=Casarejos|first2=E.|last3=Couder|first3=M.|last4=Demaret|first4=P.|last5=Leleux|first5=P.|last6=Vanderbist|first6=F.|last7=Coc|first7=A.|last8=Kiener|first8=J.|last9=Tatischeff|first9=V.|last10=Davinson|first10=T.|last11=Murphy|first11=A. S.|date=September 2005|title=The 7Be(d,p)2α Cross Section at Big Bang Energies and the Primordial 7Li Abundance|url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005ApJ...630L.105A/abstract|journal=
Second, starting from [[Fred Hoyle]]'s discovery of a [[Resonance (particle physics)|resonance]] in [[carbon-12]], an important factor in the [[triple-alpha process]], resonance reactions, some of which might have evaded experimental detection or whose effects have been underestimated, become possible solutions to the lithium problem.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hammache|first=F.|last2=Coc|first2=A.|last3=de Séréville|first3=N.|last4=Stefan|first4=I.|last5=Roussel|first5=P.|last6=Ancelin|first6=S.|last7=Assié|first7=M.|last8=Audouin|first8=L.|last9=Beaumel|first9=D.|last10=Franchoo|first10=S.|last11=Fernandez-Dominguez|first11=B.|date=December 2013|title=Search for new resonant states in 10C and 11C and their impact on the cosmological lithium problem|url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PhRvC..88f2802H/abstract|journal=PhRvC|language=en|volume=88|issue=6|pages=062802|doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.88.062802|issn=0556-2813}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=O'Malley|first=P. D.|last2=Bardayan|first2=D. W.|last3=Adekola|first3=A. S.|last4=Ahn|first4=S.|last5=Chae|first5=K. Y.|last6=Cizewski|first6=J. A.|last7=Graves|first7=S.|last8=Howard|first8=M. E.|last9=Jones|first9=K. L.|last10=Kozub|first10=R. L.|last11=Lindhardt|first11=L.|date=October 2011|title=Search for a resonant enhancement of the 7Be + d reaction and primordial 7Li abundances|url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PhRvC..84d2801O/abstract|journal=PhRvC|language=en|volume=84|issue=4|pages=042801|doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.84.042801|issn=0556-2813}}</ref>
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Changing [[fundamental constants]] can be one possible solution, and it implies that first, atomic transitions in metals residing in high-[[redshift]] regions might behave differently from our own. Additionally, Standard Model couplings and particle masses might vary; third, variation in nuclear physics parameters is needed.<ref name="fields11" />
Nonstandard cosmologies indicate variation of the baryon to photon ratio in different regions. One proposal is a result of large-scale inhomogeneities in cosmic density, different from homogeneity defined in the [[cosmological principle]]. However, this possibility requires a large amount of observations to test it.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Holder|first=Gilbert P.|last2=Nollett|first2=Kenneth M.|last3=van Engelen|first3=Alexander|date=June 2010|title=On Possible Variation in the Cosmological Baryon Fraction|url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010ApJ...716..907H/abstract|journal=
==See also==
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