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The APA then continues by making it clear that reliability depends upon cross examination:<blockquote>
A party is entitled to present his case or defense by oral or documentary evidence, to submit rebuttal evidence, and to conduct such cross-examination as may be required for a full and true disclosure of the facts. In rule making or determining claims for money or benefits or applications for initial licenses an agency may, when a party will not be prejudiced thereby, adopt procedures for the submission of all or part of the evidence in written form.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Recodification|first=Wisconsin Legislature Legislative Council Special Committee on Navigable Waters|url=https://books.google.com.eg/books?id=mYBiAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA19&dq=Contested+case+hearing&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiCl_-ngILqAhULSRUIHRiTDssQ6AEIJzAA|title=Special Committee on Navigable Waters Recodification Report to the Legislature|date=2003|publisher=Wisconsin Legislative Council|language=en}}</ref> </blockquote>
The 1947 Attorney General's Manual on the [[Administrative Procedure Act (United States)|Administrative Procedure Act]], issued as a contemporaneous explanation of the Act, emphasizes the importance of the right of cross examination in adjudicative hearings to assure fundamental fairness. The Manual begins by explaining that technical rules of evidence will not be followed, provided that agency action is supported by reliable, probative and substantial evidence: <blockquote>
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