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'''Arduino''' ({{IPAc-en|ɑː|ˈ|d|w|iː|n|oʊ}}) is an [[open-source hardware]] and [[open-source software|software]] company, project and user community that designs and manufactures [[single-board microcontroller]]s and [[microcontroller]] kits for building digital devices. Its hardware products are licensed under a [[Creative Commons license|CC-BY-SA license]], while software is licensed under the [[GNU Lesser General Public License]] (LGPL) or the [[GNU General Public License]] (GPL),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.arduino.cc/en/guide/introduction|title= Getting Started: FOUNDATION > Introduction |work=arduino.cc}}</ref> permitting the manufacture of Arduino boards and software distribution by anyone. Arduino boards are available commercially from the official website or through authorized distributors.
Arduino board designs use a variety of [[microprocessor]]s and controllers. The boards are equipped with sets of digital and analog [[input/output]] (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion boards ('shields') or [[breadboards]] (for prototyping) and other circuits. The boards feature serial communications interfaces, including [[Universal Serial Bus]] (USB) on some models, which are also used for loading programs from personal computers. The microcontrollers can be programmed using the [[C (programming language)|C]] and [[C++]] [[programming language]]s, using a standard API which is also known as the "Arduino language". In addition to using traditional [[compiler]] [[toolchains]], the Arduino project provides an [[integrated development environment]] (IDE) and a command line tool ([https://github.com/arduino/arduino-cli arduino-cli]) developed in [[Go (programming language)|Go]].
The Arduino project started in 2005 as a tool for students at the [[Interaction Design Institute Ivrea]] in [[Ivrea]], Italy,<ref name="kushner">{{cite journal |journal= [[IEEE Spectrum]] |url= https://spectrum.ieee.org/geek-life/hands-on/the-making-of-arduino |title=The Making of Arduino |author=David Kushner |date=2011-10-26}}</ref> aiming to provide a low-cost and easy way for novices and professionals to create devices that interact with their environment using [[sensor]]s and [[actuator]]s. Common examples of such devices intended for beginner hobbyists include simple [[robot]]s, [[thermostat]]s and [[motion detector]]s.
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The initial Arduino core team consisted of Massimo Banzi, David Cuartielles, Tom Igoe, Gianluca Martino, and David Mellis<ref name="kushner" />.
Following the completion of the platform, lighter and less expensive versions were distributed in the open-source community. It was estimated in mid-2011 that over 300,000 official Arduinos had been commercially produced,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.adafruit.com/blog/2011/05/15/how-many-arduinos-are-in-the-wild-about-300000/ |title=How many Arduinos are "in the wild?" About 300,000 |publisher=[[Adafruit Industries]] |date=May 15, 2011 |accessdate=2013-05-26}}</ref> and in 2013 that 700,000 official boards were in users' hands.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://medea.mah.se/2013/04/arduino-faq// |title=Arduino FAQ – With David Cuartielles |publisher=[[Malmö University]] |date=April 5, 2013 |accessdate=2014-03-24}}</ref>▼
▲It was estimated in mid-2011 that over 300,000 official Arduinos had been commercially produced,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.adafruit.com/blog/2011/05/15/how-many-arduinos-are-in-the-wild-about-300000/ |title=How many Arduinos are "in the wild?" About 300,000 |publisher=[[Adafruit Industries]] |date=May 15, 2011 |accessdate=2013-05-26}}</ref> and in 2013 that 700,000 official boards were in users' hands.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://medea.mah.se/2013/04/arduino-faq// |title=Arduino FAQ – With David Cuartielles |publisher=[[Malmö University]] |date=April 5, 2013 |accessdate=2014-03-24}}</ref>
In October 2016, Federico Musto, Arduino's former CEO, secured a 50% ownership of the company. In April 2017, [[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] reported that Musto had "fabricated his academic record.... On his company's website, personal LinkedIn accounts, and even on Italian business documents, Musto was until recently listed as holding a PhD from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In some cases, his biography also claimed an MBA from New York University." Wired reported that neither university had any record of Musto's attendance, and Musto later admitted in an interview with Wired that he had never earned those degrees.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wired.com/2017/04/arduinos-new-ceo-federico-musto-may-fabricated-academic-record/|title=Arduino's New CEO, Federico Musto, May Have Fabricated His Academic Record|work=WIRED|access-date=2017-12-22|language=en-US}}</ref>▼
In October 2017, Arduino announced its partnership with [[ARM Holdings]] (ARM). The announcement said, in part, "ARM recognized independence as a core value of Arduino ... without any lock-in with the [[ARM architecture]].” Arduino intends to continue to work with all technology vendors and architectures.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.electronicsweekly.com/blogs/distribution-world/arduino-reborn-partners-arm-2017-10/|title=Arduino reborn partners with ARM|date=2017-10-06|work=Electronics Weekly|access-date=2017-11-03|language=en-GB}}</ref>▼
===Trademark dispute===
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In May 2015, Arduino LLC created the worldwide trademark '''Genuino''', used as brand name outside the United States.<ref name=genuino>{{cite web|url=http://makezine.com/2015/05/16/arduino-adafruit-manufacturing-genuino/|title=Arduino Announces New Brand, Genuino, Manufacturing Partnership with Adafruit|work=Make|date=16 May 2015|accessdate=17 May 2015}}</ref>
At the World [[Maker Faire]] in New York on 1 October 2016, Arduino LLC co-founder and CEO Massimo Banzi and Arduino SRL CEO Federico Musto announced the merger of the two companies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.arduino.cc/2016/10/01/two-arduinos-become-one-2/|title=Arduino Blog – Two Arduinos become one|last=|first=|date=|website=Arduino Blog|access-date=2016-10-02}}</ref> Around that same time, Massimo Banzi announced that in addition to the company a new Arduino Foundation would be launched as "a new beginning for Arduino.", but this decision was withdrawn later<ref>{{Cite news|date=2017-06-09|title=Free Arduino {{!}} Make|language=en-US|work=Make: DIY Projects and Ideas for Makers|url=https://makezine.com/2017/06/09/free-arduino/|access-date=2017-12-22}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2017-06-19|title=The Arduino Foundation: What's Up?|language=en-US|work=Hackaday|url=https://hackaday.com/2017/06/19/the-arduino-foundation-whats-up/|access-date=2017-12-22}}</ref>
▲
By 2017 Arduino AG owned many Arduino trademarks. In July 2017 BCMI, founded by Massimo Banzi, David Cuartielles, David Mellis and Tom Igoe, acquired Arduino AG and all the Arduino trademarks. Fabio Violante is the new CEO replacing Federico Musto, who no longer works for Arduino AG.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.arduino.cc/2017/07/28/a-new-era-for-arduino-begins-today/|title=Arduino Blog – A new era for Arduino begins today|last=|first=|date=|website=Arduino Blog|access-date=19 Jan 2018}}</ref><ref>[https://techwombat.com/bcmi-acquires-arduino-ag-makers-breathe-sigh-relief/ Tom Davis: BCMI Acquires Arduino AG and Makers Breathe a Sigh of Relief 31 July 2017] ''techwombat.com'', accessed 29 November 2018</ref>
=== Post-dispute ===
▲In October 2017, Arduino announced its partnership with [[ARM Holdings]] (ARM). The announcement said, in part, "ARM recognized independence as a core value of Arduino ... without any lock-in with the [[ARM architecture]].” Arduino intends to continue to work with all technology vendors and architectures.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2017-10-06|title=Arduino reborn partners with ARM|language=en-GB|work=Electronics Weekly|url=https://www.electronicsweekly.com/blogs/distribution-world/arduino-reborn-partners-arm-2017-10/
Under Violante's guidance, the company started growing again and releasing new designs. The Genuino trademark was dismissed and all products were branded again with the Arduino name. As of February 2020, the Arduino community included about 30 million active users based on the IDE downloads<ref>{{Cite web|last=Emilio|first=Maurizio Di Paolo|date=2020-02-04|title=Open-source HW in the Modern Era: Interview of Arduino's CEO Fabio Violante|url=https://www.eetimes.eu/open-source-hardware-in-the-modern-era-interview-of-arduinos-ceo-fabio-violante/|access-date=2020-06-23|website=EE Times Europe|language=en-US}}</ref>.
In August 2018, Arduino announced its new open source command line tool ([https://github.com/arduino/arduino-cli arduino-cli]), which can be used as a replacement of the IDE to program the boards from a shell<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-24|title=Announcing the Arduino Command Line Interface (CLI)|url=https://blog.arduino.cc/2018/08/24/announcing-the-arduino-command-line-interface-cli/|access-date=2020-06-23|website=Arduino Blog|language=en}}</ref>.
In February 2019, Arduino announced its IoT Cloud service as an extension of the Create online environment.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-02-06|title=Announcing the Arduino IoT Cloud Public Beta|url=https://blog.arduino.cc/2019/02/06/announcing-the-arduino-iot-cloud-public-beta/|access-date=2020-06-23|website=Arduino Blog|language=en}}</ref>
==Hardware==
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===Official boards===
{{further|List of Arduino boards and compatible systems}}
The original Arduino hardware was
{{clear}}
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