Memory development: Difference between revisions

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===Central Executive===

Central executive is an integral of the working memory, and involves the all- inclusive attentional control of the working memory system.<ref name="Learning & memory"/> Initially Kail and Saweikis inferred that the central executive had an important role of storing some information and that the central executive reinforced long-term memory and has the potential to designate resources for focusing, dividing and switching attention.<ref name="Learning & memory"/> Currently the model of the central executive excludes the possibility of any type of memory storage.<ref name="Learning & memory"/> However, it does include the understanding that it does have a responsibility for the control and reinforcement of attention.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Baddeley, Alan D., 1934-|title=The psychology of memory|date=1976|publisher=Basic Books|isbn=0-465-06736-0|oclc=2118601}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Baddeley|first=Alan|title=Working Memory, Thought, and Action|chapter=What limits working memory span?|date=2007-03-15|pages=189–210|publisher=Oxford University Press|doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528012.003.0011|isbn=978-0-19-852801-2}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Baddeley|first=Alan|date=November 2000|title=The episodic buffer: a new component of working memory?|journal=Trends in Cognitive Sciences|volume=4|issue=11|pages=417–423|doi=10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01538-2|pmid=11058819|issn=1364-6613}}</ref><ref name="Learning & memory"/> In children from 2-4, the memory storage capacity limitation constrains complex comprehension processes. As the child grows older however, less processing is necessary which opens more storage space for memory.<ref name="gather">{{cite journal |last1=Gathercole |first1=Susan E. |title=The Development of Memory |journal=Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=3–27 |year=1998 |pmid=9534084 |doi=10.1111/1469-7610.00301 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Eacott |first1=M. J. |last2=Crawley |first2=R. A. |title=The offset of childhood amnesia: Memory for events that occurred before age 3 |journal=Journal of Experimental Psychology: General |volume=127 |issue=1 |year=1998 |pages=22–33 |doi=10.1037/0096-3445.127.1.22 |pmid=9503650}}</ref><ref name=pmid17654279>{{cite journal |last1=Jack |first1=Fiona |last2=Hayne |first2=Harlene |title=Eliciting adults' earliest memories: Does it matter how we ask the question? |journal=Memory |volume=15 |issue=6 |pages=647–63 |year=2007 |pmid=17654279 |doi=10.1080/09658210701467087 }}</ref>

===Phonological Loop===

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=== Episodic Buffer ===

The episodic buffer is something that has recently beenwas added to Baddeley’ s working model in memory, being added in the year 2000<ref name=":1" />. It is believed to act as a connector of various sources within the memory process. While thisThe episodic buffer is a newdeveloping theoryconcept beingthat developed,is thebeing overallresearched effectsand arerefined. still be researched.

In his initial paper, Baddeley detailed what he believes to be the biological functioning, ___location, and purpose of the episodic buffer.<ref name=":1" /> The purpose of the episodic buffer is to serve as a bridge between both Working memory and Long-Term-Memory, specifically Episodic Memory. It is believed to be more temporary in its storage capabilities, but none the less helps form new information and lasting memory. Since it combines several elements of memory, one could in theory say it is a distributed system.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Baddeley|first=Alan|date=November 2000|title=The episodic buffer: a new component of working memory?|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364661300015382|journal=Trends in Cognitive Sciences|language=en|volume=4|issue=11|pages=417–423|doi=10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01538-2}}</ref>The limits of its abilities in storage have yet to be determined. Other issues include identifying the differences between the Episodic Buffer and Episodic Memory, as well as showing how important and essential the Episodic Buffer is to the Working Model of Memory.

Baddeley in his initial paper describing the Episodic Buffer, “The episodic buffer: a new component of working memory?”, details what he believes to be the biological functioning, ___location, and purpose of the episodic buffer.

The purpose of the episodic buffer is to serve as a bridge between both Working memory and Long-Term-Memory, specifically the Episodic Memory. It is believed to be more temporary in its storage capabilities, but none the less helps form new information and lasting memory.

Since it combines several elements of memory, one could in theory say it is everywhere.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Baddeley|first=Alan|date=November 2000|title=The episodic buffer: a new component of working memory?|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364661300015382|journal=Trends in Cognitive Sciences|language=en|volume=4|issue=11|pages=417–423|doi=10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01538-2}}</ref> In FMRI, tests it was discovered the right prefrontal cortex shows increased activity could be a plausible ___location. The study was conducted by Prabharkan et al.,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Prabhakaran|first=V.|last2=Narayanan|first2=K.|last3=Zhao|first3=Z.|last4=Gabrieli|first4=J. D. E.|date=January 2000|title=Integration of diverse information in working memory within the frontal lobe|url=http://www.nature.com/articles/nn0100_85|journal=Nature Neuroscience|language=en|volume=3|issue=1|pages=85–90|doi=10.1038/71156|issn=1097-6256}}</ref> they discovered that in their test involving verbal and spatial information, they saw several regions of the brain begin to activate. The right prefrontal cortex was then seen to have increased processing in verbal and spatial memory activation. Only time will tell if this is the exact ___location of the Episodic Buffer process or not.

Baddeley discusses that there are some possible issues since it is a new concept of memory, the limits of its abilities in storage have yet to be determined. Other issues include identifying the differences between the Episodic Buffer and Episodic Memory, as well as showing how important and essential the Episodic Buffer is to the Working Model of Memory.

==Long Term Memory==