Building performance simulation: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 12:06, 4 August 2020

Revision as of 12:12, 4 August 2020

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* '''Site:''' ___location and orientation of the building, shading by topography and surrounding buildings, ground properties

* '''Geometry:''' building shape and zone geometry

* '''[http://help.covetool.com/en/articles/2528595-5-things-to-look-for-in-a-high-performance-facade Envelope]:''' materials and constructions, windows and shading, thermal bridges, infiltration and openings

* '''Internal gains:''' lights, equipment and occupants including schedules for operation/occupancy

* '''Ventilation system:''' transport and conditioning (heating, cooling, humidification) of air

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* '''Load profiles:''' for heating and cooling demand, electricity profile for equipment and lighting

* '''Energy demand:''' for heating, cooling, ventilation, light, equipment, auxiliary systems (e.g. pumps, fans, elevators)

* '''[http://help.covetool.com/en/articles/3468219-full-floor-plate-daylight-analysis Daylight availability:]''' in certain zone areas, at different time points with variable outside conditions

Other use of BPS software

* '''System sizing:''' for HVAC components like air handling units, heat exchanger, boiler, chiller, water storage tanks, heat pumps and renewable energy systems.

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== History ==

The history of BPS is approximately as long as that of [[computer]]s. The very early developments in this direction started in the late 1950s and early 1960s in the United States and Sweden. During this period, several methods had been introduced for analyzing single system components (e.g. gas boiler) using steady state calculations. The very first reported simulation tool for buildings was '''BRIS''', introduced in 1963 by the [[Royal Institute of Technology]] in Stockholm.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Brown|first1=Gösta|title=The BRIS simulation program for thermal design of buildings and their services|journal=Energy and Buildings|date=January 1990|volume=14|issue=4|pages=385–400|doi=10.1016/0378-7788(90)90100-W}}</ref> Until the late 1960s, several models with hourly resolution had been developed focusing on energy assessments and heating/cooling load calculations. This effort resulted in more powerful simulation engines released in the early 1970s, among those were BLAST, DOE-2, [[ESP-r]], HVACSIM+, ISO 13790<ref>{{Cite web|title=What is the simulation engine being used?|url=http://help.covetool.com/en/articles/2301606-what-is-the-simulation-engine-being-used|access-date=2020-08-04|website=help.covetool.com|language=en}}</ref> and [[TRNSYS]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ibpsa.org/%5Cproceedings%5CBS1999%5CBS99_P-01.pdf|title=Early history and future prospects of building system simulation|last=Kusuda|first=T.|date=1999|website=IBPSA Proceedings|access-date=2017-07-07}}</ref> In the United States, the [[1970s energy crisis]] intensified these efforts, as reducing the energy consumption of buildings became an urgent domestic policy interest. The energy crisis also initiated development of U.S. building energy standards, beginning with [[ASHRAE 90.1#Standard 90-1975|ASHRAE 90-75]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sukjoon|first=Oh|date=2013-08-19|title=Origins of Analysis Methods in Energy Simulation Programs Used for High Performance Commercial Buildings|url=http://oaktrust.library.tamu.edu/handle/1969.1/151151|language=en|journal=|access-date=2017-11-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109191246/http://oaktrust.library.tamu.edu/handle/1969.1/151151|archive-date=2017-11-09|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The development of building simulation represents a combined effort between academia, governmental institutions, industry, and professional organizations. Over the past decades the building simulation discipline has matured into a field that offers unique expertise, methods and tools for [[building performance]] evaluation. Several review papers and state of the art analysis were carried out during that time giving an overview about the development.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Augenbroe|first1=Godfried|last2=Hensen|first2=Jan|date=2004-08-01|title=Simulation for better building design|journal=Building and Environment|series=Building Simulation for Better Building Design|volume=39|issue=8|pages=875–877|doi=10.1016/j.buildenv.2004.04.001}}</ref><ref>Hensen, J. (2006). [http://www.janhensen.nl/publications_folder/06_ibpsa-cz_hensen.pdf About the current state of building performance simulation and ibpsa]. In ''4th national IBPS-CZ conference'' (p. 2).</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Wang|first1=Haidong|last2=Zhai|first2=Zhiqiang (John)|date=2016-09-15|title=Advances in building simulation and computational techniques: A review between 1987 and 2014|journal=Energy and Buildings|volume=128|pages=319–335|doi=10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.06.080}}</ref>

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* [[International Energy Conservation Code]] (IECC)

* [[Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design]] (LEED)

*[https://thegbi.org/green-globes-certification/ Green Globes]

* [[California Building Standards Code|California Title 24]]

* [[Energy Star|EnergyStar]] Multifamily High rise Program