Revision as of 06:37, 25 July 2020 edit InterestGather (talk \| contribs) Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers 2,451 edits Sentence change from 209.204.206.209 seems to be written in the format of Original research, Has poor grammar. Rather nonconstructive edit. Tag: Visual edit: Switched ← Previous edit		Revision as of 22:56, 5 August 2020 edit undo 2600:8805:9182:6b00:896:f4c5:2bdf:195e (talk) Added an earlier usage (1958) of terms "set" and "setting" in the context of psychedelics Next edit →
Line 1: {{for\|the Bardo Pond album\|Set and Setting (album)}} '''Set and setting''' , when referring to a psychedelic drug experience, means one's mindset (shortened to "set") and the physical and social environment (the setting) in which the user has the experience. This is especially relevant for [[Psychedelic drug\|psychedelic]] experiences in either a therapeutic or recreational context. According to the book ''[[How to Change Your Mind]]'' by [[Michael Pollan]], the concept of set and setting was observed by the "Johnny Appleseed" of LSD, [[Alfred Matthew Hubbard\|Al Hubbard]] visiting mushroom ceremonies in Mexico. The ~~term~~terms ~~was~~were ~~coined~~used at least as early as 1958 by [[Ludwig von Bertalanffy]] and popularized by [[Timothy Leary]] in 1961, and became widely accepted by researchers in [[psychedelic therapy]].{{ref\|Bertalanffy1958}}{{ref\|Hartogsohn2017}} [[Norman Zinberg]] has also discussed this in ''Drug, Set, And Setting: The Basis for Controlled Intoxicant Use'' (1984). "Set" is the mental state a person brings to the experience, like thoughts, mood and expectations. "Setting" is the physical and social environment. Social support networks have shown to be particularly important in the outcome of the psychedelic experience.{{ref\|Shewan-et-al2000}} They are able to control or guide the course of the experience, both consciously and subconsciously. Stress, fear, or a disagreeable environment, may result in an unpleasant experience ([[bad trip]]). Conversely, a relaxed, curious person in a warm, comfortable and safe place is more likely to have a pleasant experience. Line 22: == References == # {{note\|Bertalanffy1958}} {{cite journal \|date=1958 \|title= Ataractic and Hallucinogenic Drugs in Psychiatry: Report of a Study Group \|journal= World Health Organization Technical Report Series \|number= 152 \|url= https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/40410/WHO_TRS_152.pdf}} # {{note\|Hartogsohn2017}} {{cite journal \|last1= Hartogsohn \|first1= I. \|date=2017 \|title= Constructing drug effects: A history of set and setting \|journal= [[Drug Science, Policy and Law]] \|volume= 3 \|pages= 205032451668332 \|doi= 10.1177/2050324516683325 \|doi-access= free }} # {{note\|Shewan-et-al2000}} {{cite journal \|last1= Shewan \|first1= D. \|last2= Dalgarno \|first2= P. \|last3= Reith \|first3= G. \|date= 2000 \|title= Perceived risk and risk reduction among ecstasy users: the role of drug, set, and setting \|journal= International Journal of Drug Policy \|volume= 10 \|issue= 6 \|pages= 431–453 \|doi= 10.1016/S0955-3959(99)00038-9 \|url= http://www.maps.org/research-archive/mdma/litupdates/human/demographics/08.02/shewan2000.html \|citeseerx= 10.1.1.323.5647 }}

Set and setting: Difference between revisions