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The Salar was formed as a result of transformations between several prehistoric lakes. It is covered by a few meters of salt crust, which has an extraordinary flatness with the average elevation variations within one meter over the entire area of the Salar. The crust serves as a source of salt and covers a pool of [[brine]], which is exceptionally rich in [[lithium]]. It contains 50% to 70% of the world's known lithium reserves according to a 2009 [[Foreign Policy]] article by [[Joshua Keating]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2009/10/21/bolivias_lithium_powered_future
|title=Bolivia's Lithium-Powered Future: What the global battery boom means for the future of South America's poorest country.
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