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The handshape, movement and relative ___location in these constructions are meaningful on their own.{{Sfn|Hill|Lillo-Martin|Wood|2019|p=49}} This is in contrast to two-handed lexical signs, in which the two hands do not contribute to the meaning of the sign on their own.{{Sfn|Sandler|Lillo-Martin|2006|p=78-79}} The handshapes in a two-handed classifier construction are signed in a specific order if they represent an entity's ___location. The first sign usually represents the unmoving [[Figure–ground (perception)|ground]] (for example a surface). The second sign represents the smaller [[Figure–ground (perception)|figure]] in focus (for example a person walking).{{Sfn|Hill|Lillo-Martin|Wood|2019|p=51}}{{Sfn|Emmorey|2008|p=86}}{{Sfn|Zwitserlood|2012|p=164}} While the handshape is usually determined by the visual aspects of the entity in question,{{Sfn|Schembri|2003|p=22}} there are other factors. The way in which the [[Agent (grammar)|doer]] interacts with the entity{{Sfn|Schembri|2003|p=22-23}} or the entity's movement{{Sfn|Schembri|2003|p=24}} can also affect the handshape choice. Classifiers also often co-occur with verbs.{{Sfn|Zwitserlood|2012|p=164}} Not much is known yet about their [[syntax]]{{Sfn|Marschark|Spencer|2003|p=316}} or [[phonology]].{{Sfn|Zwitserlood|2012|p=169}}
Classifier constructions are produced from the perspective of the signer. This means that the addressee must mentally flip the construction horizontally to understand it correctly. For example, if the addressee sees the signer place an object on the right side from their perspective, it means that they must mentally flip the construction to understand that it was placed on the left side. Native signers seem to be able to do this automatically.{{Sfn|Brozdowski|2019|p=}}
Two-handed lexical signs are limited in form by two constraints. The Dominance Condition states that the non-dominant hand cannot move and that its handshape comes from a restricted set. The Symmetry Condition states that both hands must have the same handshape, movement and orientation.{{Sfn|Emmorey|2008|p=36-38}} Classifier constructions, on the other hand, can break both of these restrictions. This further exemplifies the difference in phonology and morphology between lexical signs and classifiers.{{Sfn|Sandler|Lillo-Martin|2006|p=90}}
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* {{Cite book|title=Sign Languages|last=Brentari|first=Diane|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2010|isbn=978-0-521-88370-2|___location=|pages=|ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Brentari |first1=Diane |last2=Fenlon |first2=Jordan |last3=Cormier |first3=Kearsy |title=Sign language phonology |journal=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics |date=2018 |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.117|ref=harv|isbn=9780199384655 }}
* {{Cite journal|last=Brozdowski|first=Chris|last2=Secora|first2=Kristen|last3=Emmorey|first3=Karen|date=2019-03-11|title=Assessing the Comprehension of Spatial Perspectives in ASL Classifier Constructions|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/deafed/enz005|journal=The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education|volume=24|issue=3|pages=214–222|doi=10.1093/deafed/enz005|issn=1081-4159}}
*{{Cite journal|last=Cormier|first=Kearsy|last2=Schembri|first2=Adam|last3=Woll|first3=Bencie|date=2010|title=Diversity across sign languages and spoken languages: Implications for language universals|url=|journal=Lingua|language=|volume=120|issue=12|pages=2664–2667|doi=10.1016/j.lingua.2010.03.016|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Crasborn|first=Onno A|date=2006|title=A linguistic analysis of the use of the two hands in sign language poetry|url=|journal=Linguistics in the Netherlands|volume=23|issue=1|pages=65–77|ref=harv|doi=10.1075/avt.23.09cra|doi-access=free}}
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* {{cite book |last1=Supalla |first1=Ted Roland |title=Structure and Acquisition of Verbs of Motion and Location in American Sign Language |date=1982|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|title=Sign language: An International Handbook|last=Sutton-Spence|first=Rachel|publisher=De gruyter mouton|year=2012|isbn=978-3-11-020421-6|___location=Berlin|pages=|chapter=Poetry|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Thompson|first=Robin L.|date=2011|title=Iconicity in Language Processing and Acquisition: What Signed Languages Reveal: Iconicity in Sign Language|url=|journal=Language and Linguistics Compass|language=|volume=5|issue=9|pages=603–616|doi=10.1111/j.1749-818X.2011.00301.x|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|chapter-url=|title=Sign language: an international handbook|last=Zwitserlood|first=Inge|publisher=De gruyter mouton|year=2012|isbn=9783110261325|___location=Berlin|pages=|chapter=Classifiers|oclc=812574063|ref=harv}}
[[Category:Linguistics]]
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