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[[File:Paul Sandby - A View of Vinters at Boxley, Kent, with Mr. Whatman's Turkey Paper Mills - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|''Mr. Whatman's Turkey Paper Mills'' by [[Paul Sandby]] (1794)]]
The papermaker [[James Whatman (papermaker)|James Whatman]] the Elder (1702–1759) founded the Whatman papermaking enterprise in 1740 in [[Maidstone]], [[Kent]], England. He made revolutionary advances to the craft in England and is credited{{by whom?|date=August 2020}} as the inventor of [[wove paper]] (or Vélin), an innovation used for high-quality art and printing. His son, James Whatman the Younger (1741–1798), further developed the company's techniques.<ref name="Roberts">{{cite book|last1= Roberts|first1= Matt T.|last2= Etherington|first2= Don|title= Bookbinding and the conservation of books: A dictionary of descriptive terminology|url= https://archive.org/details/bookbindingconse0000robe|publisher= U.S. Government Printing Office|isbn= 978-0-8444-0366-3|chapter= Whatman, James (1741–1798)|date= 2011-11-19|accessdate= 2016-09-02|url-access= registration}}</ref> At a time when the craft was based in smaller [[paper mill]]s, Whatman innovations led to the large-scale and widespread industrialisation of paper manufacturing.
[[John Baskerville]] (1707-1775), who needed paper that would take a light impression of the printing plate, approached Whatman; the resultant paper was used for the edition of [[Virgil]]'s poetry, embellished with Baskerville's typography and designs.<ref name="Roberts"/> The earliest examples of wove paper, bearing his [[watermark]], appeared after 1740.<ref name="NGA">{{cite web|url= http://nga.gov.au/Conservation/Watermarks/listing.cfm|title= Watermark and countermark library|year= 2010|work= Conservation|publisher= [[National Gallery of Australia]]|accessdate= 2010-11-29}}</ref>
The Whatman [[business]] is credited{{by whom?|date=August 2020}} with the invention of the wove wire mesh used to mould and align pulp fibres. This is the principal method used in the mass production of most modern paper. The Whatmans held a part interest in the establishment at Turkey Mill, near Maidstone, after 1740;<ref name=EarlyYears/> this was acquired through the elder Whatman's marriage to Ann Harris.
"Handmade" paper bearing the Whatman's mark continued in production for special editions and art books<ref name="Roberts" /> until 2002.<ref name=Chalmers>{{cite journal|first= Mark|last= Chalmers|title= Whatman - Springfield Paper Mill, Maidstone|journal= Archive|issue= 91|date= September 2016|pages= 52–65|publisher= Lightmoor Press|___location= Witney}}</ref>
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