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It has been suggested that a rare [[Single-nucleotide polymorphism|SNP]] ([[rs11614913]]) that overlaps [[Mir-196 microRNA precursor family|has-mir-196a2]] has been found to be associated with [[non-small cell lung carcinoma]].<ref name="pmid18521189">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hu Z, Chen J, Tian T, Zhou X, Gu H, Xu L, Zeng Y, Miao R, Jin G, Ma H, Chen Y, Shen H | title = Genetic variants of miRNA sequences and non-small cell lung cancer survival | journal = The Journal of Clinical Investigation | volume = 118 | issue = 7 | pages = 2600–8 | date = July 2008 | pmid = 18521189 | pmc = 2402113 | doi = 10.1172/JCI34934 }}</ref> Likewise, a screen of 17 miRNAs that have been predicted to regulate a number of breast cancer associated genes found variations in the microRNAs [[Mir-17 microRNA precursor family|miR-17]] and [[Mir-30 microRNA precursor|miR-30c-1]]of patients; these patients were noncarriers of [[BRCA1]] or [[BRCA2]] mutations, lending the possibility that familial breast cancer may be caused by variation in these miRNAs.<ref name="pmid19048628">{{cite journal | vauthors = Shen J, Ambrosone CB, Zhao H | title = Novel genetic variants in microRNA genes and familial breast cancer | journal = International Journal of Cancer | volume = 124 | issue = 5 | pages = 1178–82 | date = March 2009 | pmid = 19048628 | doi = 10.1002/ijc.24008 }}</ref>
The [[p53]] tumor suppressor is arguably the most important agent in preventing tumor formation and progression. The p53 protein functions as a transcription factor with a crucial role in orchestrating the cellular stress response. In addition to its crucial role in cancer, p53 has been implicated in other diseases including diabetes, cell death after ischemia, and various neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington, Parkinson, and Alzheimer. Studies have suggested that p53 expression is subject to regulation by non-coding RNA.<ref name="MorrisKV"/>
Another example of non-coding RNA dysregulated in cancer cells is the long non-coding RNA Linc00707. Linc00707 is upregulated and sponges miRNAs in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jia|first=Bo|last2=Wang|first2=Zhiping|last3=Sun|first3=Xiang|last4=Chen|first4=Jun|last5=Zhao|first5=Jianjiang|last6=Qiu|first6=Xiaoling|date=2019-12|title=Long noncoding RNA LINC00707 sponges miR-370-3p to promote osteogenesis of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells through upregulating WNT2B|url=https://stemcellres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13287-019-1161-9|journal=Stem Cell Research & Therapy|language=en|volume=10|issue=1|pages=67|doi=10.1186/s13287-019-1161-9|issn=1757-6512|pmc=PMC6387535|pmid=30795799}}</ref>, in hepatocellular carcinoma<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tu|first=Jianfei|last2=Zhao|first2=Zhongwei|last3=Xu|first3=Min|last4=Chen|first4=Minjiang|last5=Weng|first5=Qiaoyou|last6=Wang|first6=Jiangmei|last7=Ji|first7=Jiansong|date=2019-07|title=LINC00707 contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma progression via sponging miR‐206 to increase CDK14|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jcp.27737|journal=Journal of Cellular Physiology|language=en|volume=234|issue=7|pages=10615–10624|doi=10.1002/jcp.27737|issn=0021-9541}}</ref> , gastric cancer<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Xie|first=Min|last2=Ma|first2=Tianshi|last3=Xue|first3=Jiangyang|last4=Ma|first4=Hongwei|last5=Sun|first5=Ming|last6=Zhang|first6=Zhihong|last7=Liu|first7=Minjuan|last8=Liu|first8=Yinghua|last9=Ju|first9=Songwen|last10=Wang|first10=Zhaoxia|last11=De|first11=Wei|date=2019-02|title=The long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 707 promotes proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer by interacting with mRNA stabilizing protein HuR|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304383518306980|journal=Cancer Letters|language=en|volume=443|pages=67–79|doi=10.1016/j.canlet.2018.11.032}}</ref> or breast cancer<ref>{{Cite web|last=Li|first=Tong|last2=Li|first2=Yunpeng|last3=Sun|first3=Hongyan|date=2019-06-06|title=MicroRNA-876 is sponged by long noncoding RNA LINC00707 and directly targets metadherin to inhibit breast cancer malignancy|url=https://www.dovepress.com/microrna-876-is-sponged-by-long-noncoding-rna-linc00707-and-directly-t-peer-reviewed-article-CMAR|access-date=2020-09-27|website=Cancer Management and Research|language=English|doi=10.2147/cmar.s210845|pmc=PMC6559252|pmid=31239777}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Yuan|first=R.-X.|last2=Bao|first2=D.|last3=Zhang|first3=Y.|date=2020-05|title=Linc00707 promotes cell proliferation, invasion, and migration via the miR-30c/CTHRC1 regulatory loop in breast cancer|url=http://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202005_21175|journal=European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences|volume=24|issue=9|pages=4863–4872|doi=10.26355/eurrev_202005_21175|issn=1128-3602}}</ref>, and thus promotes osteogenesis, contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma progression, promotes proliferation and metastasis, or indirectly regulates expression of proteins involved in cancer aggressiveness, respectively.
===Prader–Willi syndrome===
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