Partito Operaio Socialdemocratico Russo: differenze tra le versioni
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Riga 7:
Al termine del primo congresso del POSDR tutti i nove delegati che vi partecipavano furono arrestati dalle autorità [[zar]]iste. Il POSDR fu creato in opposizione al [[narodnichestvo]] (''наро́дничество''), il [[populismo]] rivoluzionario, cioè il programma dei socialdemocratici, che in seguito confluirono nel [[Partito Socialista Rivoluzionario]] (''эсе́ры''). Il programma del POSDR era basato sulle teorie di [[Karl Marx]] e [[Friedrich Engels]], secondo cui, nonostante l'arretratezza economica e la natura agricola della Russia, il vero potenziale rivoluzionario risiedeva nella classe operaia.
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In [[1903]], the Second Congress of the party met in [[Belgium]] to attempt to create a united force. At the congress, the party split into two irreconcilable factions on [[November 17]]: the [[Bolshevik]]s (''большеви́к''; from Bolshinstvo - [[Russian language | Russian]] for "majority"), headed by Lenin, and the [[Menshevik]]s (''меньшеви́к''; from Menshinstvo - Russian for "minority"), headed by [[Julius Martov]]. Confusingly, the Mensheviks were actually the larger faction, however the names Menshevik and Bolshevik were taken from a vote held at the 1903 party congress for the editorial board of the party journal, ''Iskra'' ("Spark"), with the Bolsheviks being the majority and the Mensheviks being the minority. These were the names used by the factions for the rest of the party congress which debated Lenin's proposals on party organisation and these are the names retained after the split at the 1903 congress, even though Lenin's faction ended up in the minority and remained smaller than the Mensheviks until the [[Russian Revolution of 1917]].
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